A review article on pcos and its impact on quality of life in women correlation with age, basal metabolic index and various factors

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder characterised by presence of oligomenorrhoea, anovulation and hyperandrogenism in females. PCOS mainly observed in women in adolescent age to pre-partum resulting in abortions. Symptoms mainly include irregular menstrual cycles, anovulation, acne, hirsutism and oligomenorrhea. The pathophysiology of PCOS involves the primary ovarian abnormalities, endocrine alterations and metabolic modifiers such as anti-Mullerian hormone, insulin resistance and chronic inflammation which causes metabolic disturbances and results hormone imbalance which results in hyperandrogenism therefore development of cysts in ovaries is observed. Diagnostic criteria are mainly done from the Rotterdam criteria of PCOSwhich includes mainly presence of menstrual irregularities, ultrasound scanning and Luteinizing Harmone (LH) and Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio and raise of androgens level in body. Treatment options includes oral contraceptive pills, metformin therapy for insulin intolerance, local treatments for hirsutism by laser hair removal therapy, hormone replacement therapy for hyperandrogenism and acne. Non-pharmacological treatment includes diet changes, regular exercises and weight loss. Early diagnosis of PCOD can improve the quality of life and minimize the chances of causing cardiac problemsand further complications caused by PCOS such as hair loss, infertility and if left undiagnosed may result in uterus cancer.