A Restorative Approach to Tooth Autotransplantation within the Anterior Maxilla

The varied prevalence of traumatic dental injuries (TDI) in primary teeth around the globe raises a serious knowledge gap in the available literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of TDI in primary teeth and also to evaluate the different factors associated with TDI in primary teeth. Comprehensive searches were performed in PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials with predefined search criteria. The primary outcome was the prevalence of TDI in primary teeth, and the secondary outcomes were the factors associated with TDI in primary teeth. Qualitative analysis was done using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale adapted for cross-sectional studies. The random-effect model was used for meta-analysis, and meta-regression analysis was done to evaluate the heterogeneity between the included studies. Meta-analysis was done using the "meta" package of "R" language. The overall quality of evidence was assessed using GRADEpro GDT software. A total of 24 cross-sectional studies met the inclusion criteria representing 4876 TDIs in 22839 children aged between 0 and 6years old. The overall prevalence of TDI in primary teeth was 24.2% (95% CI: 18.24-31.43, P=0, I2 =99%). Falls contributed the highest number of TDI - 59.3% (95% CI: 41.05-76.40, P<.01, I2 =98%) - in primary teeth. The most common type of tooth fracture in primary teeth was an enamel fracture (61.9%), and prevalence of TDI in children with incompetent lip closure was 49.4%. The prevalence of TDI in cross-sectional studies of primary teeth was 24.2% with very low quality of evidence. Falls contributed the highest number of TDI in primary teeth, accounting for 59.3%. Children with incompetent lip closure have the highest prevalence (49.4%) of TDI in primary teeth.

Aim: Traumatic dental injury (TDI) in school children has become a serious dental public health problem in developing and developed countries. Worldwide research clearly shows that the prevalence of TDI is increasing. However, hardly any epidemiological data of TDI in central India is available for clinical audit, service management, planning of future services, and effective targeting of preventive measures. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and to evaluate the risk and etiological factors associated with TDI. Materials and Methods: A total of randomly selected 2000 boys and girls aged 12-14 years were included from 20 randomly selected schools. Two calibrated examiners examined the school children under day light using the World Health Organization, (1978) classification of tooth fracture. Examination was done for competent and incompetent lip and overjet using community periodontal index probe. Children were interviewed for demographic profile and history of injury. Result: The prevalence of TDI is found to be 10.5%. Boys experience more injury than girls; 11.61% and 9.47%, respectively. The result showed a positive association between risk factors (overjet more than 5 mm and inadequate lip coverage) and TDI. Maxillary central incisors were commonly injured involving enamel fracture. The major cause of TDI was fall, followed by sports and violence. Conclusion: Children with overjet >5 mm and inadequate lip coverage were more likely to have TDI. There is a need to collect local data on TDI to obtain a more comprehensive picture of dental health.

Published data on prevalence and severity of traumatic dental injuries (TDI) in Norway are limited. The aims of this study were to assess prevalence, distribution and severity of TDI in the permanent dentition of 16-year-old pupils in western Norway. A retrospective longitudinal study, including historical clinical data, was conducted among 16-year-old high school pupils in the County of Hordaland, western Norway. First-grade pupils attending high school, born in 1997, were invited to participate (n=5184). Consent was given to access their dental records in the Public Dental Health Service in Hordaland, where information regarding TDI (diagnosis and treatment) and radiographs was interpreted. Only TDIs to anterior teeth were recorded (canine to canine in the maxilla and mandible) and classified using a modified version of the WHO's classification. A total of 2055 participants were included (response rate 40%). TDI prevalence was 16.4% (338 pupils), with the maxillary central incisors most affected (64.7%). A total of 637 teeth were involved. Boys were more prone to injury than girls (P<0.05). Severity of TDI was divided into 3 groups (mild, moderate and severe), with the following distribution: 563 mild (88.4%), 39 moderate (6.1%) and 35 severe (5.5%). Peak age for TDI was 8-10years (50.9%). Prevalence of TDI among Norwegian adolescents was moderate. Milder injuries were more frequent than moderate and severe injuries. Age and gender were risk factors with regard to TDI. Seasonal influence on the occurrence of TDI was not statistically significant.

Background: Pitiful smile and oral health have always been bounded up to poor social relationships and permanent impairment that causes harm to the ability to learn and grow which may lead toward decreased self-esteem. Aim: This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) and its impact on self-esteem among schoolchildren in a village of Gurugram. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted among 10–17-year-old schoolchildren to assess the prevalence and impact of TDIs. Convenience sampling was used and 240 schoolchildren constituted the sample size. TDIs were recorded using Ellis classification, and self-esteem was recorded using Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale. For statistical analysis, Chi-square test and t-test were used. The odds ratio was utilized to assess and compare the self-esteem according to high and low esteem among individuals with or without dental trauma. Results: Results of the present study showed that out of total 240 children, 54.2% were males and 45.8% were females. The overall prevalence of trauma was found to be 28.3%. Ellis class I was the most common type of injury in schoolchildren (70%). The most frequently traumatized teeth were maxillary incisors, among which maxillary central incisor was the most affected (60.4%). The difference between low and high self-esteem among individuals with or without dental trauma low esteem, high esteem was not statistically significant (P &gt; 0.05). Conclusion: By improving oral health in schools may contribute considerably to the self-esteem of individuals in positive direction and help them in becoming a socially competent adult.

Traumatic dental injuries (TDI) are a widespread pathology with serious dental public health concerns. The aim of this pathfinder study was to collect initial epidemiological data on oral health in Republic of Georgia. As part of this study, the prevalence and severity of TDI in permanent teeth among seventh- and tenth-grade schoolchildren were evaluated. Schoolchildren were examined in four schools in the capital city of Tbilisi, two schools in two other major cities, and one school in four additional villages. In addition to demographical data, the following parameters were collected and recorded: Overjet (OJ), lip competence, number and type/location of the teeth with TDI and Type of TDI. The study population comprised of children aged 12 (seventh grade) and 15 years old (10th grade). A total of 823 7th- and 10th-grade schoolchildren were examined. The overall prevalence of TDI among Georgian population was found to be 10.4% (86 children). The prevalence of TDI was greater in the older age cohort (P < 0.05). Lip posture did not seem to have a marked effect on TDI. Children with an OJ greater than 5 mm were more likely to present with dental injuries compared to children with an OJ equal to or smaller than 5 mm (P < 0.05). Children from rural areas presented with greater prevalence of TDI compared to their urban counterparts (P < 0.05). The maxillary central incisors were the most common teeth to be affected by trauma accounting for 85.2% of the TDI cases. Enamel fracture was the main type of TDI (91.3%). The prevalence of TDI in Georgian schoolchildren, as presented in this survey, population was found to be rather moderate and involved mainly minor superficial injuries. Rural communities have shown in this report substantial higher rates; thus, educational program might be directed mostly to these regions to children, teachers, and healthcare providers.

Prevalence and risk factors of traumatic dental injuries to permanent anterior teeth among 8–12 years old school children in Egypt

BackgroundTraumatic dental injuries to anterior teeth are a significant public health problem, not only because their prevalence is relatively high, but also because they have considerable impact on children’s daily lives. Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) cause physical and psychological discomfort, pain and other negative impacts, such as tendency to avoid laughing or smiling, which can affect social relationships.ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries to anterior teeth among 12-year-old school children in Kashmir, India.Patients and MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in private and government schools of India among 1600 schoolchildren aged 12 years. In addition to recording of the type of trauma (using Ellis and Davey classification of fractures, 1970), over jet, Angle’s molar relation and lip competence were also recorded. The socioeconomic status and academic performance of the study subjects were registered. The data obtained were compiled systematically and then statistically analyzed. The statistical significance for the association between the traumatic injury and the variables was analyzed using the chi-square test. Logistic regression was used to identify potential risk predictors of TDIs.ResultsThe overall prevalence of TDI to anterior teeth was found to be 9.3%. The TDI to anterior teeth in male was more than female, but the difference was statistically nonsignificant (P < 0.01). Falls and sports were the most common causes of trauma in the present study. The highest potential risk factor for the occurrence of trauma was over jet. Academic performance was found to be significantly associated to TDI to anterior teeth, when analyzed in a multiple regression model.ConclusionsIt was concluded that the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries was 9.3%. Traumatic dental injuries among children exhibit complex interaction between the victims’ oral conditions and their behavior. Therefore, prevention should consider a number of characteristics such as oral predisposing factors, environmental determinants and human behavior. It is recommended that specific and proper public places for leisure and sports activities, with impact-absorbing surfaces around the items on which children are most likely to fall, should be provided.

Background: prevalence of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) among visually impaired children varies from one country to another. Different factors aside visual impairment influences the prevalence as well as the severity of such injuries. Evaluating the level of the health care provided for those children by comparing number of traumatized cases and number of treated cases would help in documenting the need for creating a special health care program for them. Aim: this study aims at assessment of traumatic dental injuries in a group of visually impaired Egyptian children and the effect of the relative factors in their prevalence. Design: A cross sectional analytic study using a questionnaire and clinical examination was conducted to assess the prevalence of TDIs of the upper and lower permanent incisors and its relevant factors in children attending two governmental schools for blind children, one school for girls and the other one for boys. Results: Among 402 blind students examined in the current study, 210 (52.2%) students were males and 192 (47.8%) were females. Prevalence of traumatic dental injuries among the study population was 9.95% (40 students). Prevalence of traumatic dental injuries among males was (11.43%) while it was (8.33%) among females, the difference was not significant. Upper central incisors had the highest frequency of trauma (72.5%) and fracture of enamel and dentine was the most frequent TDIS (57.5%). Fall was the most common cause of injury (55%) and the most frequent place of injury was at home (55%). Mean age of children at time of injury is 11.85 (±1.47) years. Only five cases (12.5%) had dental treatment and restoration of their traumatic injuries. There were significant correlations between increased overjet and/ or inadequate lip coverage and the prevalence of TDIs.Conclusions: Environmental factors proposed to influence the prevalence of TDIs were difficult to evaluate in the presence of similar conditions in both schools. The most significant oral factors in predisposing TDIs in blind children are increased overjet and inadequate lip coverage. More efforts are needed to provide better dental health care service for visually impaired children.

Traumatic Dental Injuries (TDIs) are an emerging public health problem and a realm of research for oral health enthusiasts. Certain populations can be more vulnerable to injuries such as those with a sensory deficit. Nevertheless, literature is scarce, especially for those with hearing impairment. Therefore, the aim of the study was to compare the prevalence and patterns of TDI in children and adolescents with severe-to profound hearing impairments and children without hearing impairments. Three hundred and ninety participants (195 severe to profound hearing impaired and 195 age and sex-matched controls) between 4 and 18 years were recruited from a tertiary care setting. A single calibrated examiner evaluated TDI for both groups. Among those with TDI, a vestibular function test (VFT) was also performed to assess postural balance. A single examiner from the Department of Otorhinolaryngology evaluated the VFT results. The overall prevalence of TDI was found to be 12.82% among the severe to profound hearing-impaired individuals, and 11.79% in controls. The majority of participants were aged between 7 and 13 years, in the mixed dentition stage, and were males. Among the cases, the majority had profound hearing loss (≥ 91 dB HL) and bilateral ear involvement. The most common type of TDI was uncomplicated crown fractures. Falls were identified as the most common cause of TDI in both groups. Vestibular dysfunction and loss of postural control were identified in 12 out of 14 patients tested with VFT. A significant association was found between TDI and the dentition type, that is, primary dentition was more affected among the severe to profound hearing impaired as compared to controls (p < 0.05). There was no significant association between the severity of hearing impairment and the prevalence of dental trauma in children and adolescents with severe to profound hearing impairment. However, hearing-impaired individuals were susceptible to trauma at an early age compared to their healthy counterparts.

Sleep quality exerts an influence on attention level and motor skills and is associated with accidental injuries in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between traumatic dental injury and sleep behaviour in children. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a small city in southern Brazil with a representative sample of schoolchildren aged 8-10years (n=537). Weight and height were measured, and examinations were performed for the determination of clinical occlusion and traumatic dental injury. The parents answered the Sleep Behaviour Questionnaire and questions addressing socio-demographic characteristics. The prevalence of traumatic dental injury was 22% (95% CI: 19-26) and was higher among children who woke three to four times per night (PR=3.30; 95% CI: 2.47-4.39), those who fell asleep in the parental bed (PR=1.41; 95% CI: 1.09-1.83), those who were not in a good mood on waking up in the morning (PR=1.30; 95% CI: 1.02-1.65), those who became sleepy while sitting and/or studying (PR=1.57; 95% CI: 1.09-2.24) and while watching TV (PR=1.41; 95% CI: 1.0005-1.97) and those who had bad dreams (PR=1.35; 95% CI: 1.04-1.76). The Poisson multiple regression model with a multilevel approach revealed that the prevalence of traumatic dental injury was 1.51-fold higher among children with daytime drowsiness (PR=1.51; 95% CI: 1.11-2.04) after adjusting for socio-demographic, occlusal and anthropometric variables. Sleep problems were associated with a higher prevalence of traumatic dental injury among the children analysed.

An increasing prevalence of traumatic dental injury (TDI) has been reported in the last few decades. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and severity of TDI and its association with socio-demographics and physical characteristics in the anterior permanent teeth of 12-year-old Brazilian schoolchildren. A cross-sectional study was carried out in a population-based sample of 1528 subjects attending 33 public and nine private schools (response rate of 83.17%). A single calibrated examiner performed the clinical examinations at the schools and recorded the TDI index (Children's Dental Health Survey criteria), overjet and lip coverage. Height and weight were measured to calculate the body mass index (BMI). Parents/legal guardians answered a questionnaire containing socio-demographic questions. The relationships among TDI, socio-demographic variables and physical characteristics were assessed by survey Poisson regression models. The prevalence of TDI was 34.79% (mild trauma = 24.37%; severe trauma = 10.43%). Male schoolchildren (RR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.23-1.61, P = 0.002) and schoolchildren from low socioeconomic status (RR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.07-1.64, P = 0.021) were more likely to present at least one tooth with TDI, whereas students attending 7th grade (advanced students) were less likely to experience TDI (RR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.43-0.82, P = 0.012). Regarding the severity analysis, students of mid-high (RR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.09-1.94, P = 0.022), mid-low (RR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.01-2.77, P = 0.045) and low (RR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.11-2.85, P = 0.027) socioeconomic status were more likely to have mild trauma when compared with schoolchildren of high socioeconomic status. No significant association between severe trauma and socioeconomic status was observed. In conclusion, this study showed a high prevalence of TDI in 12-year-old Brazilian schoolchildren. Socio-demographic data and school achievement were associated with TDI.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries to permanent incisors among 12 years old school children in Tandoor, Andhra-Pradesh. Materials and method: A cross-sectional survey using the WHO classification of tooth fracture (1978) was conducted on randomly selected 1020 school children to assess the dental trauma to permanent incisors. Results: The prevalence of traumatic injuries was 15.1%, which was more among boys than girls. The main reason that resulted in dental traumatic injury was fall, followed by collision, children with excessive overjet etc. Conclusion: The prevalence of traumatic dental injuries in Tandoor is significantly more and summons the public health attention.

Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) can occur at any age. They may cause health, functional, esthetic, and psychological problems, negatively affecting quality of life. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence, causes, treatment, and risk factors of TDIs among Polish adolescents. As part of a cross-sectional national monitoring survey concerning the oral health condition and its determinants in the Polish population, 992 15-year-olds of both sexes were examined. The subjects were the residents of the urban and rural areas of 10 from a total of 16 provinces of the country. Caries-affected teeth were assessed according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, and caries prevalence and the decayed, missing or filled teeth (DMFT) index values were calculated. Traumatic dental injuries were assessed with the use of the WHO criteria, modified for retrospective evaluation. The details of clinically diagnosed TDI were supplemented by a questionnaire and an interview. Overall, TDIs occurred in 22.0% of the subjects, similarly often in urban and rural areas (23.0% and 20.9%, respectively; p = 0.439), and more frequently in males than in females (26.2% and 18.2%, respectively; p = 0.002). The most common damage was crown fracture (46.2%), followed by luxation (43.9%) and avulsion (9.9%). Among the traumatized teeth, 73.8% received crown fracture restorations, 29.6% root canal treatment, and 17.5% were splinted due to luxation or avulsion. The most common cause of TDIs were accidental falls - 96.3%, including playing sports (27.1%), the other referred to violence/fight (3.7%). Nearly 14% of the accidents took place at school. The likelihood of TDI experience in males was 1.59-fold higher than in females. Males revealed a 2.76-fold higher probability of TDI incidence during participation in sports activities. Other predictors of TDIs were a low level of education of the mother, a poor socioeconomic status and a high DMFT score. A relatively high prevalence of TDIs in Polish 15-year-olds calls for effective planning and intervention to prevent the occurrence of the injuries and their aftereffects.

The aim of the present study was to test the association between social vulnerability and the prevalence of traumatic dental injury (TDI). A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out with 1,556 schoolchildren aged 11 to 14 years in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The participants were examined for TDI using Andreasen’s criteria and those diagnosed with TDI were interviewed to determine the history of the injury. The Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) was used for socioeconomic classification, which addresses environmental, cultural, economic, legal and security/survival dimensions. The Poisson regression model was used for the multivariate analysis, with the significance level set at 5%. The prevalence of TDI was 14.1%; 59.3% of the participants with TDI did not seek a dentist after the incident. Poorer environmental, economic and legal conditions were statistically associated with the occurrence of untreated TDI (p < 0.05) and all the five SVI dimensions were associated with seeking a dentist due to TDI (p < 0.006). The prevalence of untreated TDI was higher among boys (PR: 1.42; 95%CI: 1.11–1.81) and those in situations of greater social vulnerability (PR: 2.27; 95%CI: 1.11–4.61). In conclusion, the male gender and high social vulnerability proved to be associated with the occurrence of TDI.

AimThe prevalence of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) and their contributing factors among Syrian children has not been explored in any previous epidemiological studies since the onset of the crisis. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of TDIs and their associated characteristics among schoolchildren aged 9 to 12 in Damascus, Syria.Materials and MethodsWe conducted this cross-sectional study from 2023 to 2024, collecting sociodemographic data and performing dental examinations, and the presence of TDIs, which were classified according to the World Health Organization’s guidelines. We recorded Screen time and categorized it into two groups. We measured Overjet in millimeters, and the statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.ResultsWe identified TDIs in 17.6% of children, with uncomplicated crown fractures being the most common. Falls were the leading cause, and the home was the most frequent injury location. Significant risk factors included age, gender, socioeconomic status, screen time, Body Mass Index, and overjet. Males had twice the risk of TDIs compared to females (OR = 2.104, 95% CI: 1.399–3.165), and children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds had a 2.29 times higher risk (OR = 2.299, 95% CI: 1.364–3.877).ConclusionThis study found that a significant proportion (17.6%) of Syrian children experienced TDIs, highlighting the urgent need for preventive programs and improved dental care for Syrian children affected by TDIs.Clinical RelevanceEarly identification of children at higher risk, prompt management of dental trauma, and educational initiatives for parents and educators are essential. Schools, as primary injury sites, should adopt safety measures, while dentists should engage in community outreach to enhance awareness, early diagnosis, and intervention.