Abstract
Raindrops impacting the rough sea modify its surface and its backscattering coefficient. This roughness change essentially depends on the rain content in very large drops, which is highly variable from one drop size distribution model to another. However, it has been observed that the radar reflectivity of raindrops has a drop size dependence very similar to that of the ringwaves induced by rain on the surface. From a numerical analysis on various drop size distributions, rain rates, and frequencies from 3 to 35 GHz, a relationship between the sea surface elevation variance of ringwaves resulting from drop impact and the rain radar reflectivity Z is established. It is found to be weakly dependent on the raindrop size distribution model. This link is expected to lead to better estimates of the surface roughness, and in turn, via electromagnetic scattering models, it could improve algorithms for near nadir rain radar retrieval.
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