A Regression Analysis for the Prediction of the Food Supply in Livestock

The Breeding of the Kestrel, Falco Tinnunculus L., in the Reclaimed Area Oostelijk Flevoland

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate food supply and consumption trends in South Korea over the past 30 years (1980 to 2010). Methods: We used time series data on Food Balance Sheets of Korea and the National Health and Nutrition Survey from Korea Statistics. Regression analysis was performed for trends of food supply and demand, and t-test for the gender difference in nutrient intake. Results: The annual supply of cereals, rice and starch roots per person has decreased, while that of meat, fish and shellfish, eggs, milk, and fats and oils has increased (p < 0.05), respectively. These changes effect on nutrient intake: rice consumption has declined to one-third of total energy intake, however, the energy intake from lipid sources has increased up to 20% in the 2000s.The nutrient intake levels are mostly sufficient to meet the recommended intake, but calcium intake is below the recommended level and sodium is three times above the recommended level. These problems are found in both genders, and males take in more calories and sodium than females (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These changes in food consumption and supply resulted in lowering both quantities based food self-sufficiency rate and self-sufficiency of nutrition supply. It is therefore suggested that the supply of agricultural products should be stable and quality competitiveness in supply should be improved. Also, measures and strategies in promoting rice consumption are required, such as promoting healthy diet via nutrition education and disseminating healthy traditional Korean food.

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate food supply and consumption trends in the Republic of Korea (South Korea) over the past 30 years (1980 to 2010). Methods: We used time series data on Food Balance Sheets of Korea and National Health and Nutrition Survey from Statistics Korea. Regression analysis was performed for trends of food supply and demand, and t-test for gender difference in nutrient intake. Results: The annual supply of cereals, rice and starch roots per person has decreased, while that of meat, fish and shellfish, eggs, milk, and fats and oils has increased (p < 0.05), respectively. These changes effect on nutrient intake: rice consumption has declined to one thirds of total energy intake, however the energy intake from lipid sources has increased up to 20% in 2000s. The nutrient intake levels are mostly sufficient to meet the recommended intake, but calcium intake is below the recommended level and sodium is three times above the recommended level. These problems are found in both genders, and males take in more calories and sodium than females (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These changes in food consumption and supply resulted in lowering both quantity based food self-sufficiency rate and self-sufficiency of nutrition supply. It is therefore suggested that the supply of agricultural products should be stable and quality competitiveness in supply should be improved. Also measures and strategies in promoting rice consumption are required, such as promoting healthy diet via nutrition education, and disseminating healthy traditional Korean food. On a consumption side, we should raise awareness of consumption of agricultural products in Korea promoting healthy diets via nutrition education, and disseminating healthy traditional Korean food. We believe that through such efforts and promotion it will be possible to strengthen food security, to preserve traditional dietary pattern, and to maintain the health of Korean people.

Circulating Concentrations of Essential Fatty Acids, Linoleic and α-Linolenic Acid, in US Adults in 2003-2004 and 2011-2012 and the Relation with Risk Factors for Cardiometabolic Disease: An NHANES Analysis.

Over the past decades, both the quantity and quality of food supply for millions of people have improved substantially in the course of economic growth across the developing world. However, the number of undernourished people has resumed growth in the 2010s amid food supply disruptions, economic slowdowns, and protectionist restrictions to agricultural trade. Having been common to most nations, these challenges to the food security status of the population still vary depending on the level of economic development and national income of individual countries. In order to explore the long-run determinants of food supply transformations, this study employs five-stage multiple regression analysis to identify the strengths and directions of effects of agricultural production parameters, income level, price indices, food trade, and currency exchange on supply of calories, proteins, and fats across 11 groups of agricultural products in 1980–2018. To address the diversity of effects across developing nations, the study includes 99 countries of Asia, Europe, Latin America, the Middle East, and Africa categorized as low-income, lower-middle-income, and upper-middle-income economies. It is found that in low-income countries, food supply parameters are more strongly affected by production factors compared to economic and trade variables. The effect of economic factors on the food supply of higher-value food products, such as meat and dairy products, fruit, and vegetables, increases with the rise in the level of income, but it stays marginal for staples in all three groups of countries. The influence of trade factors on food supply is stronger compared to production and economic parameters in import-dependent economies irrelevant of the gross national income per capita. The approach presented in this paper contributes to the research on how food supply patterns and their determinants evolve in the course of economic transformations in low-income countries.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to empirically identify key factors of UK food supply chains (SCs) that significantly contribute to CO2 emissions (CO2e) taking into account the life cycle assessment (LCA). The UK food supply chain includes imports from other countries.Design/methodology/approachThis research develops a conceptual framework from extant literature. Secondary data obtained from ONS and FAOSTAT covering from 1990 to 2014 are analysed using Multilinear Regression (MLR) and Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) to identify the factors relating to CO2 emissions significance, and the efficient contributions that are being made to their reduction in the UK food supply chains.FindingsThe study results suggest that Transportation and Sales/Distribution are the two key factors of CO2 emissions in UK food supply chains. This is confirmed by two multivariate methods, MLR and SFA. MLR results show that transportation increases UK CO2 emissions by 10 tonnes of CO2 emissions from one tonne of fruits and vegetables imports from overseas to the UK Sales and Distribution reduces the UK CO2 emissions by 1.3 tonnes of CO2 emissions due to improved, technological operation activities in the UK. In addition, the SFA results confirm that the key factors are sufficient to predict an increase or decrease in CO2 emissions in the UK food supply chains.Research limitations/implicationsThis study has focused on the LCA of the UK food supply chain from limited data. Future studies should consider Sustainability Impact Assessment of the UK food supply chain, identifying the social, economic, regulatory and environmental impacts of the food supply chain using a re-defined LCA (all-inclusive assessment) tool.Practical implicationsThis research suggests that food supply chain professionals should improve efficiency, e.g. the use of solar energy and biogas, and also integrate low-carbon policies and practices in food supply chain operations. Furthermore, governments should encourage policies such as mobility management programmes, urban redevelopment and privatisation to enhance better transportation systems and infrastructure to continuously reduce CO2e from the food trade.Originality/valueAlthough logistics play a major role in CO2 emissions, all logistics CO2 emissions for other countries are not included in the ONS data. This research reveals some important insights into the UK food supply chains. Logistics and other food supply chain processes of importing countries significantly contribute to CO2 emissions which are yet to be considered in the UK food SCs.

Food security is a fundamental but often neglected aspect of economic growth and sustainable development. This paper examines the effect of food security on productivity (GDP/capita) over time, while taking the income level of various countries into account. Dynamic panel regression analyses suggest that food security is positively related to productivity, but this effect is stronger in more developed countries. The study highlights the complexity of the economic problems faced by the least developed countries, where increasing the consumption and supply of food is insufficient for significantly increasing economic performance.

Experimental studies of biogeographic processes are important, but rarely attempted because of the logistical challenges of research at large spatial scales. I used a series of large-scale transplant experiments to investigate the mechanisms controlling species abundance near a poleward range boundary. The intertidal limpet Collisella scabra experiences a 100-fold decline in abundance over the northernmost 300 km of its range. Temperature and food supply both strongly influenced individual survival, growth, and maturation. Regression analysis also revealed significant interactions among these conditions: the effect of one could not be predicted without knowing the level of the other. But these relationships could not explain geographic abundance patterns. Instead, individual limpets were highly successful at sites with relatively low abundance. These results suggest that, even though temperature is important to the success of individual C. scabra populations, the primary effect of warming temperatures under climate change may not be a shift in geographic distribution.

Abstract. In a time when climate patterns change, governance structures evolve, and economic landscapes shift. Understanding the link between food security, renewable energy adoption, and democratic governance in Africa is crucial for achieving sustainable development and resilience on the continent. The purpose. This study investigates the intricate dynamics of food security, renewable energy transition, democratic governance, and economic policies across 51 African countries from 2000–2022. Methods. The study utilized panel regression analysis with fixed effects to examine the interplay between governance indicators, democracy, renewable energy integration, and food security outcomes across African regions. Results. The fixed effect regression analysis revealed significant associations between key variables and food security outcomes across different African regions. Higher CPIA scores were positively correlated with increased food security in Africa as a whole, indicating the impact of improved governance transparency. Representative democracy was also linked to enhanced food security, with particularly strong relationships observed in East Africa. Positive coefficients for ease of doing business suggested favourable impacts on food supply, albeit with regional variations. Additionally, renewable energy integration emerged as a crucial factor positively influencing food security, especially in Southern Africa. Moreover, the study underscores the importance of democratic governance and transparent economic policies in fostering food security initiatives. The scientific novelty. Embracing transparent governance, fostering renewable energy integration, and prioritizing inclusive democratic practices are pivotal steps toward fostering enduring food security solutions across Africa.

Introduction Wheat is a major crop among cereals and plays a vital role in the national economy of developing countries. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important crops in terms of acreage and production rates in the world. This crop has an important role in the food supply. According to the FAO (2010) statistics report, the average wheat yield in Iran was 2136 kg ha-1, while the worldwide average yield was 3009 kg ha-1. Iran, with an average annual rainfall of 250 mm, is located in the world desert belt. Yield loss due to drought stress is likely higher than other stresses. Therefore, introducing plants with high production under both drought stress and non-stress conditions is highly regarded. Stress tolerance indices are used for screening drought tolerant varieties. Tolerance (TOL), mean productivity (MP), stress susceptibility index (SSI), geometric mean productivity (GMP), stress tolerance index (STI) and modified STI (MSTI) have been employed under various conditions. Fischer and Maurer (1978) explained that cultivars with an SSI less than a unit are stress tolerant, since their yield reduction under stress conditions is smaller than the mean yield reduction of all cultivars (Bruckner and Frohberg, 1987). Mean productivity, GMP, harmonic mean (HM) and STI were reported as preferred criteria in selection of drought-tolerant barley genotypes by Baheri et al. (2003). Yield Index (YI) proposed by Gavuzzi et al. (1997), was significantly correlated with stress yield which ranks cultivars on the basis of their yield under stress. The genotypes with a high Yield Stability Index (YSI) are expected to have higher yield under both stress and non-stress conditions (Bouslama and Schapaugh, 1984). Mousavi et al (2008) introduced Stress Susceptibility Percentage Index (SSPI) as a powerful index to select extreme tolerant genotypes with yield stability. Fischer and Wood (1979) suggested that relative drought index (RDI) is a positive index for indicating stress tolerance. Lan (1998) defined a new drought resistance index (DI), which was commonly used to identify genotypes producing higher yield under both stress and non-stress conditions The objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance of different wheat cultivars under normal irrigation and drought stress conditions and to identify the most promising wheat genotypes for drought prone areas. Materials and Methods Thirty-nine spring bread wheat genotypes were evaluated under two irrigation regimes, normal and moisture stress at grain filling period for a year. Under normal conditions soil was irrigated up to field capacity, while under stress conditions after the onset of flowering, irrigation was delayed until wilting point took place. The study was conducted at College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Iran, in Pakdasht. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with three replications. Standard cultural practices were applied for all experiments. At harvest, grain yield (t ha-1) was calculated on the basis of plot area. Results and Discussion Under normal irrigation, Pishtaz and Azadi (with 8.27 and 7.72 ton ha-1, respectively) and under stress conditions Moghan1 and Sistan (with 5.48 and 4.84 ton ha-1, respectively) had the highest grain yield. Based on regression analysis under normal and stress conditions, three variables entered the model and in normal conditions 70.8 percent and in stress conditions 64 percent of yield changes were explained. Based on grain yield, 15 susceptibility and stress tolerance indices were calculated. Results of correlation, principal component analysis and biplot display showed that GMP, STI, HARM, MP, YI, DI, MSTI and SNPI indices were the best criteria for genotype selection with high yield and stability in stress conditions. Cluster analysis (Ward method) was also used based on indices and grain yield in both normal and stress conditions to classify genotypes in similar classes. Dispersion of genotypes in the biplot, revealed genetic diversity among the genotypes under drought stress. Conclusions Results showed that Moghan1, Sistan, Akbari, Bayat, Dez, Spring Roshan-BC, Mahdavi and Tabasi genotypes were identified as tolerant and Tajan, Navid, Shirodi, Zagros, Vee/Nak and Kohdasht genotypes as susceptible genotypes to terminal drought stress. These genotypes can be used for further cross and genetic analysis for drought tolerance through diallel or generation mean analysis designs.

associated with this condition among summer crop growers in Shoushtar Township, Khouzestan Province, Iran. This cross-sectional survey study was conducted from September 2015 to February 2017. The population consisted of summer crop farmers in the Shoushtar Township (N=850). The sample size was determined based on Morgan table (n=150). For analyzing food security level, the 18-item USDA household food security questionnaire, which contains questions that underlie the 12-month food security scale in survey-instrument form, was used. The food security scale was developed based on responses to questions Q2 to Q16 (18 questions). These include both qualitative and quantitative aspects of the household's food supply as well as household members' psychological and behavioral responses. Based on the results, more than half of households (52.67%) experienced food insecurity and less than half (47.33%) indicating that they are food secure. Correlation coefficient results showed that there was significant relationship between the income, educational level, extension education activities, social participation, technical knowledge and food security. Based on regression analysis, income, educational level, extension education activities, technical knowledge and social participation may well explain for 75.43% changes (R2=0.7543) in level of food security.

Tourism is used to generate income and employment in developing countries but the industry has been criticized for having high external leakages. If destination areas are to maximize benefits from tourism development, ways must be found to increase backward economic linkages, including utilizing local food products in the tourism industry. Large-scale hotels in developing countries are often portrayed as importing a large proportion of their food supply and having minimal contact with local economies. The purpose of this paper is to compare food purchasing practices, policies and behaviours of three different hotels (five star, four star and non-star) in two locations in Indonesia between 1994 and 1995, illustrating the possibility of using local products. Research methods included detailed analysis of purchasing records, observation of operating procedures and interviews with hotel staff and local suppliers. Both star hotels were found to have strong linkages to their respective local food supply networks. The non-star hotel relied almost exclusively on local products. Smaller accommodation estab lishments have largely been ignored in the literature with respect to food purchases. With a high reliance on local food, numerous smaller establishments, on a cumulative basis, are just as important as larger hotels. Regression analyses indicates a positive relationship between occupancy rates and food purchases for star hotels with large restaurants. However, other factors such as special events and loca tion, also need to be considered. Future research questions are also presented.

Age, based on analysis of dentinal growth layers, was determined in a sample of 121 harbour porpoises, Phocoena phocoena (L.), from western North Atlantic waters. One growth layer, consisting of a thick opaque zone and a relatively thin translucent zone, is deposited each year.Mean thicknesses of opaque and translucent zones in males and females were 347 μm, 114 μm, 432 μm, and 125 μm, respectively. Significant reduction in thicknesses of growth layers with age was found in both sexes, the major contribution in both cases being progressive reduction in thickness of the opaque zones. Translucent-zone thickness decreased with age in males, but significantly increased in thickness in females. Formation of the opaque zone occurs from June through February, and formation of the translucent zone from January to early September. This overlap is attributed to the protracted calving season of this population, and precludes any simple relationship between food supply and zonation, as proposed by others. Age–length relationships based on numbers of dentinal layers were calculated for males and females using regression analysis. Best fits of body length (b) against age (expressed by completed dentinal layers) (d) were obtained from the curvilinear equations: d = [b/(−1.30b + 209.35)] −1 for males, and d = [b/(−0.84b + 156.15)] −1 for females.

RESUMO: O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o perfil metabólico em ovinos sem padrão de raça definido, consumindo dietas compostas de silagem de subprodutos de maracujá em substituição ao feno de Tífton. O trabalho foi realizado no Campus de Engenharias e Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal de Alagoas, utilizando-se 28 ovinos, com peso corporal médio de 25 kg. Com período experimental de 60 dias sendo 15 para adaptação do ambiente e manejo, e 45 dias para coleta de dados. A dieta tinha como volumoso feno de Tífton (Cynodon ssp.) e silagem de subproduto (cascas) de maracujá (Passiflora edulins), e como concentrado, farelo de soja (Glycine max), farelo de milho (Zea mays) e sal mineral, fornecidos ad libitum. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de níveis de resíduo de maracujá em substituição ao feno de Tífton (0, 20, 40 e 60%) em dietas cuja proporção foi 60% de volumoso e 40% de concentrado. Os animais foram alojados em baias individuais, identificadas, providas de comedouro e bebedouro. Foram pesados no início e fim do período experimental. A coleta de urina spot, bem como o sangue, foi efetuada quatro horas após o fornecimento da alimentação. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, os dados foram interpretados por meio de análise de variância e regressão por meio do programa estatístico SAS (2001). Para o consumo de matéria seca e os pesos corporais foram observados comportamento linear crescente. O volume urinário também apresentou o mesmo comportamento. O perfil metabólico dos ovinos apresentou um comportamento linear crescente, bem como a síntese de proteína microbiana para os níveis de substituição. A substituição do feno de Tífton pela silagem do resíduo de maracujá apresenta melhores perfis metabólicos e proteína microbiana em ovinos confinados. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Cordeiros, Ruminantes, Metabolismo.

SUMMARY This trial evaluated the composting for valuation of marine fish waste. The study was carried out in a composting cell (1.10m length, 1.50m width, 1.20m height, and 2.50m headroom), which received a mixture of marine fish waste (skin and fin) and reused wood shavings at a 7:3 proportion. The efficiency of the composting process was evaluated through analysis of biomass temperature, moisture, pH, ash, compost mineralization index, carbon/nitrogen ratio, total organic matter, total organic carbon and total nitrogen. Data were tested by analysis of variance and polynomial regression, and the means compared by Tukey's test at 5%. The results showed that composting is an efficient alternative for the valuation of fish residues. The compost complies with the Brazilian Standards (Normative Instruction 25/2009 of the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply). The C/N ratio lower than 15/1 combined with the high moisture content of the substrates inhibit the increase in the biomass temperature. The wood shavings reused for three consecutive times provide nitrogen. The addition of water to the composting process should be suppressed when using the proportion of 7kg fish waste and 3kg reused wood shavings.