Abstract
Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) S chott is known as a summer-green fern in Europe, though plants in the juvenile phase sometimes retain green leaves until the following spring. To determine the stage at which the fern shifts from evergreen to summer-green phenology, the number of midrib branches of the leaf (NV, number of venation) was used to quantify successive development of the sporophyte. Sterile leaves were quantitatively expressed as having 0 to 70-NV and fertile leaves with sori had 57 to 82-NV. The juvenile sporophyte was successively quantified below 55- NV. A clear phenological shift from the evergreen-like to the summergreen stage was quantitatively determined from the 55 to 60-NV stage, at which point the sporophyte changes from the juvenile to the adult life phase.
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