A qualitative examination of parental perceptions of eating behavior and body image issues of their adolescent children: Identifying ambivalences and contradictions.

University students are vulnerable to body image and eating behavior problems. This research aims to understand the body image, eating behavior, and the relationship between body image and eating behavior among students at Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. The research was conducted with 112 students as participants. Body image and eating behavior scales were used as instruments in this study. Pearson's bivariate correlation was employed as the data analysis technique. The results show that students at Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta have a good body image. Moreover, the students’ eating behavior is restrained, not too controlled, and not too emotional. There is a relationship between body image and cognitive-restrained eating behavior. A relationship between body image and uncontrolled eating was also found. However, no relationship was found between body image and emotional eating behavior. The contribution of body image to cognitive-restrained eating behavior is 7.4%, while the contribution to uncontrolled eating is 75.6%.

Introduction and Objectives: The manifestations of body image disorder in the eating disorder have been assessed on the cognitive-affective component; however, there is no evidence about these disorders on the behavior and perceptual components. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention protocol to improve unique eating behaviors and body image in the treatment of body image disorder and eating behaviors among women. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted based on a pretest-posttest design with a control group using an applied research method. The statistical population consisted of all women who referred to weight loss centers in Tehran, Iran, during 2018. The data were collected using the Dutch Eating Behaviors Questionnaire and Body Image Concern Inventory. In total, 30 women were selected through a random sampling method and assigned randomly into experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. Subsequently, the experimental group participated in eight intervention sessions per week intending to improve body posture and image. Results: The results of the multivariate covariance analysis showed that the eating behavior (P=0.001, F=62.889) was statistically significant at 0.05. The effect size of this intervention was approximately 70% on eating behavior and body image, which was acceptable in this study. Conclusion: The intervention protocol to improve eating and body image had a significant effect on eating disorders and body image. However, there is a need for more replications, as well as more robust, randomized, and controlled trials to improve the methodological standard of intervention studies in this area.

Adolescence is a sensitive period for the development of disordered eating and weight-related behaviors, and sexual minorities may be particularly at risk due to heightened minority stress and challenges related to sexual identity development. This review synthesized findings from 32 articles that examined sexual orientation disparities (each with a heterosexual referent group) in four disordered eating behaviors (binging, purging, restrictive dieting, diet pill use) and four weight-related behaviors (eating behaviors, physical activity, body image, and Body Mass Index [BMI]). Potential variations by outcome, sex, race/ethnicity, and developmental stage were systematically reviewed. Evidence supporting sexual orientation disparities in disordered eating and weight-related behaviors was more consistent among males than females. Among females, sexual orientation disparities in disordered eating behaviors appeared to be more pronounced during adolescence than in young adulthood. Sexual minority females generally reported more positive body image than heterosexual females but experienced disparities in BMI. Sexual orientation differences in eating behaviors and physical activity were especially understudied. Incorporating objectification and minority stress theory, a developmental model was devised where body image was conceptualized as a key mechanism leading to disordered eating behaviors. To advance understanding of sexual orientation disparities and tailor intervention efforts, research in this field should utilize longitudinal study designs to examine developmental variations and incorporate multi-dimensional measurements of sexual orientation and body image.

Adolescence is a transitional period from childhood to adulthood, during which rapid physical, mental, and emotional changes occur. During this period, adolescents begin to form their identity and search for identity. One of the things that develops is awareness of physical appearance, called body image. Body image shows how a person views body shape, body size, and overall appearance, both from the assessment of themselves and others. Perception of body image can affect eating behavior. Adolescence who have a negative body image may go on strict diets or eat emotionally without control. Both of these behaviors can lead to an unbalanced nutrient intake. This study aims to analyze the relationship between body image, eating behavior, and nutritional status of high school adolescents in Banjarsari District, Surakarta. The method used was a cross-sectional study with 154 respondents selected randomly proportionally. The tool used was the body image questionnaire (BSQ-34) containing 34 questions covering 4 aspects: perception of body shape, comparison with others, excessive focus on the body, and changes in body perception. The eating behavior questionnaire (DEBQ-28) contains 28 questions covering 3 aspects of eating behavior: emotional eating, eating due to external influences, and controlling appetite. Nutritional status was measured using anthropometric methods, including body weight and height, which were then analyzed using the Body Mass Index for Age (BMI/A). Data were analyzed using the Spearman Rank test to see the relationship between body image, eating behavior, and nutritional status. The results showed that 84.4% of adolescents in Banjarsari District had a positive body image. Adolescents tended to engage in external eating behaviors, with the highest average score of 26.84. The majority of adolescents had normal nutritional status (64.3%). The study found a relationship between body image (p < 0.001), external eating behavior (p = 0.027), and restrained eating behavior (p = 0.000) with nutritional status. However, there was no relationship between emotional eating behavior (p = 0.830) and nutritional status among adolescents in Banjarsari District.

Developed a rating scale to measure body image satisfaction and eating behaviors and disturbances in preadolescent girls and evaluated the psychometric properties of the instrument. The Eating Behaviors arid Body Image Test (EBBIT) for preadolescent girls was administered to 291 fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-grade girls to identify the measure's factor structure. Body Image Silhouettes (BZS; Childress, Brewerton, Hodges, & Jarrell, 1993) were also administered, and height and weight measurements were obtained. Although four factors were predicted (maladaptive thoughts about body size, restrictive eating, binging, and compensatory behavior for overeating), corresponding to adult criteria for the diagnoses of anorexia and bulimia, factor analysis of the EBBIT suggested only two factors: Body linage Dissatisfaction Restrictive Eating and Binge Eating Behaviors. Only two compensatory behaviors (exercising to burn off food eaten and skipping meals after overeating) loaded on the scale, and they loaded on the Body Image Dissatisfaction/Restrictive Eating factor. Internal consistency and test-retest reliabilities were adequate to good, and initial validity of the scale was established by using scares on the Body Image Silhouettes, body mass index ratios, age, and race as predictors of EBBIT scores.

This study investigated the impact of social media use on body image and eating behaviour and examined the gender differences in body image and eating behaviour among Malaysian adults. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 150 Malaysian adults using validated measures, including the Social Media Use Scale (SMUS), the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2), and the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R21 (TFEQ-R18), to assess social media engagement, body image, and eating behaviours. Analysis revealed weak negative correlations between social media use and body image, as well as between social media use and eating behaviour. Additionally, significant gender differences were identified in both body image and eating behaviours. These findings highlight the nuanced yet significant relationships between social media use, body image, and eating behaviour among Malaysian adults, with clear gender disparities. The results underscore the need for gender-responsive interventions aimed at fostering positive body image and promoting healthy eating practices, particularly in the context of growing social media exposure.

Embodied Motherhood: Exploring Body Image in Pregnant and Parenting Youth.

Background: Weight-neutral interventions that promote adaptive eating behaviors are becoming a growing area of practice. Understanding whether adaptive eating behaviors are associated with improved diet quality is essential. Body image may be an important factor in this relationship given its close connection to eating behaviors. Aim: The purpose of this study was to develop an understanding of the relationships between positive and negative body image, adaptive and maladaptive eating behaviors, and diet quality. Methods: We recruited 288 adults 18 years and older who were living in the US using Prolific Academic. Participants completed an online survey including measures of positive and negative body image, adaptive and maladaptive eating behaviors, and a dietary screener questionnaire (DSQ). We ran a hierarchical linear regression and tested whether body image and diet quality were mediated by eating behavior. Results: Body image and maladaptive eating behaviors were not associated with diet quality. Body-food choice congruence (B-FCC), an adaptive eating behavior, was associated with diet quality. B-FCC mediated the relationship of positive and negative body image to diet quality. Conclusions: Our findings provide additional support for weight-neutral or adaptive eating interventions as a mechanism to promote diet quality. Additional research may benefit from exploring indirect effects of body image on diet intake, the relationship between eating behavior and diet quality using qualitative data, and the comparison of weight-neutral or non-diet interventions with traditional behavior change interventions.

175. Eating Behaviors and Body Image Perceptions in a Latino Community Clinic Adolescent Population

Background: The term “eating behavior” refers to all actions involving the act of eating. Body image can be defined by understanding the shape, size, and weight of the body, and encompasses the affective, cognitive, and behavioral components. The objective of this study was to analyze the eating behavior and body image of women with breast cancer. Methods: This is an observational, cross-sectional, and analytical study conducted at the Centro Regional Integrado de Oncologia, with women aged between 19 and 59 years, diagnosed with breast cancer. Socioeconomic, clinical, anthropometric data, body image and eating behavior of the sample were collected. The Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and the Kakeshita Silhouette Scale were used to evaluate body image, and for eating behavior, the Portuguese version of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) was used. Results: Among the women studied, 43.3% were aged between 50 and 59 years. Overweight was the most prevalent nutritional status in 43.3% of the sample. Women with a mild degree of dissatisfaction presented means of habitual weight (p=0.04), current weight (p=0.02), waist circumference (p=0.04) and BMI (p<0.01) higher than those who did not present any dissatisfaction. Most women, with a predominance of restrained eating behavior, presented a mild degree of body dissatisfaction (p-value=<0.01). All those evaluated who presented a mild degree of dissatisfaction were dissatisfied with body image (p=0.03). Conclusion: Most of the women evaluated were dissatisfied with body image. Restrained eating behavior was predominant and strongly correlated with mild body dissatisfaction levels. Higher BMI means were found in women who presented mild body dissatisfaction.

The rapid proliferation of social networking sites (SNSs) has transformed the way people now socialize and communicate. SNSs have been recognized to contribute to body image (BI) dissatisfaction and disordered eating behavior (EB). Few qualitative studies have explored this issue in men. The aim of the current study was to investigate male SNS use and possible impacts on BI and EB. One-to-one semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight men in the United Kingdom. Interviews aimed to examine men’s views on the potential impact of SNSs on BI and EB. Data were thematically analyzed. Findings suggested that SNSs may be a useful nutrition idea tool and motivational platform for men to improve their diet and exercise uptake. However, results also indicated that SNS use may contribute to BI dissatisfaction and increased risk of disorder. Future research may identify risk factors of SNS use, male BI concerns, and eating pathology across the lifespan.

Background: The proliferation of social media has significantly altered how individuals perceive body image and manage eating behaviors, leading to increased concern regarding the potential exacerbation of eating disorders. This study explores the intricate relationship between social media usage and the prevalence of eating disorders among adolescents and young adults. Objective: This study aims to determine the impact of social media on the health outcomes of individuals, specifically focusing on the development and intensification of eating disorder symptoms. It seeks to understand the role social media plays in shaping body image perceptions and eating behaviors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the regions of Punjab and Sindh, involving 550 participants over the age of 18 who were regular users of social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Snapchat, and TikTok. Standardized questionnaires and interviews were utilized to collect data on social media usage habits, eating behaviors, body image perception, and mental health status. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS v27.0, employing correlation and regression techniques to examine the associations between social media exposure and symptoms of eating disorders. Results: The participant group consisted of 65% females and 35% males, with a mean age of 25.6 years. High engagement with social media was noted, with Instagram (80% usage, 2.5 hours/day) and YouTube (85% usage, 2.0 hours/day) being the most popular platforms. Significant correlations were found between social media addiction scores and various domains of eating disorders: restriction (r = 0.25, p &lt; 0.001), binge eating (r = 0.30, p &lt; 0.001), purging (r = 0.28, p &lt; 0.001), and body dissatisfaction (r = 0.35, p &lt; 0.001). Spearman’s correlations highlighted strong interrelationships among different eating disorder behaviors and social media addiction, indicating a pervasive influence across all examined aspects. Conclusion: The study confirms a significant association between social media usage and the exacerbation of eating disorder symptoms. The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to promote healthy body image and eating behaviors on social media platforms.

Background: Vast changing environment and culture including mass media which commonly shows models with a very slim body may cause teenage girls feel fatty and not confident despite their normal body weight. This misperception may influence eating behavior and encourage them to lose weight by involving in some instant diets, for example, fad diets.Objective: To identify relationships between body image distortion, eating behavior, and fad diets among female adolescents in Yogyakarta.Method: This study was a cross-sectional study on 123 school girls at SMAN 8 Yogyakarta who have normal body mass index (BMI) according to WHO category. Body image distortion and eating behavior were evaluated using the Body Image Assesment-Body Dimension (BIAS-BD), and the Eating Attitude Test (EAT)-26, respectively. Fad diets were assessed using a questionnaire adapted from Hana (10) and Rafiqa (11). The hypotheses were tested using chi-square test and Spearman’s correlations.Results: As many as 105 girls (85.4%) showed body image distortion and 15 girls (12.2%) were at risks for having disordered eating behavior. Among 51 girls (42.5%) who experienced or tried to lose weight, 47 girls (92.2%) were practicing fad diets. There was no significant association between body image distortion and disordered eating behavior, nor between body image distortion and fad diets. However, disordered eating behavior was significantly associated with fad diets with OR = 7,077 (p&lt;0.05).Conclusion: There was a significant relationship (p&lt;0.05) between disordered eating behavior and fad diets, however, no significant association was found between body image distortion and disordered eating behavior, and between body image distortion and fad diets among female adolescents in Yogyakarta.

Research lacks in verifying the nature of the relationship between mass media pressure, body image, and the risk of unhealthy eating behaviors. This study aimed to investigate whether the internalization of sociocultural norms, perceived pressure or searching for information about body image promoted by the mass media directly affect restrictive and bulimic behavior toward eating, through the mediating role of body image and physical appearance variables. The research hypotheses were that (1, 2) body image, the pressure and the internalization of sociocultural norms are significant predictors of unhealthy eating behavior among women and men; and (3) the variables related to body image play the role of the mediating variable between the impact of socio-cultural standards of body image promoted by the mass media and unhealthy eating behavior. The sample comprised 514 Polish men and women, aged 16 to 63 old (men M=24.35; SD=13.53; women M=24.77; SD=7.61), with average Body Mass Index (BMI). Assessment comprised the Sociocultural Attitudes Toward Appearance Scale (SATAQ-3), Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI 3), The Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ-AS), and the author’s survey questionnaire. The descriptive and comparative statistics, and a path analysis (structural equations modeling) were applied. The statistical analysis showed that the variables related to body image do not play the role of intermediary variables. The pressure of sociocultural standards of body image and physical appearance had the strongest and most direct effect on the development of restrictive eating behavior and appeared to negatively affect body image in women. The search of information on body image in the mass media had the strongest and most direct impact on the development of bulimic eating behavior among women. However, only the global internalization of sociocultural standards of body image and physical appearance had a significant and direct effect on the development of bulimic eating behavior in men. Moreover, the internalization of athletic body shape standards had the strongest and most positive impact on some aspects of body image in this group. No sociocultural variables showed a direct impact on restrictive behavior among studied men. BMI had a positive and direct impact on individual body part satisfaction. These results may help improve prevention of eating disorders and dysfunctional eating behavior.

Body image, eating behaviours and weight management in DanceSport competitors