Abstract
BackgroundThe NAQ (Negative Acts Questionnaire) has been widely used in more than 40 countries to measure the mobbing phenomenon. This research aims to present a psychometric study based on the Spanish version of the NAQ-R carried out by González-Trijueque and Graña (2013). As opposed to the original scale, this sample contains 23 items and a three-dimension model (personal bullying, work-related bullying, and physically intimidating forms of bullying).MethodsWe used a heterogeneous occupational sample of 2,538 Spanish employees to analyze internal consistency and concurrent validity. In addition, a Confirmatory Factor Analysis was carried out based on the GLS (generalized least squares) method.ResultsResults showed high internal reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.91) and high correlations containing clinical symptoms, burn-out indicators, and coping resources. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis developed upon the heterogeneous occupational sample validates the three-dimension structure in the Spanish version of the NAQ-R aimed to measure harassment behaviors at the workplace.ConclusionThe NAQ-R reaffirms its validity and reliability as a measure for mobbing-related behaviors. Hence, the scale may become a useful tool in research and forensic practice.
Highlights
Based on the epidemiological data, workplace harassment highlights the devastating impact at both human and organizational levels (EUROFOUND, 2017; Rodríguez-Muñoz et al, 2017; Hogh et al, 2019; El Ghaziri et al, 2020)
Relying on instruments with good psychometric properties for the measurement of mobbing, experts are guaranteed with a suitable tool, in forensic and psychological terms and for Legal Psychology with regard to establishing psychological constructs in law courts (González-Trijueque and Graña, 2013)
The results show a great variety of coping strategies, especially at the workplace and personal harassment
Summary
Based on the epidemiological data, workplace harassment highlights the devastating impact at both human and organizational levels (EUROFOUND, 2017; Rodríguez-Muñoz et al, 2017; Hogh et al, 2019; El Ghaziri et al, 2020). Relying on instruments with good psychometric properties for the measurement of mobbing, experts are guaranteed with a suitable tool, in forensic and psychological terms and for Legal Psychology with regard to establishing psychological constructs in law courts (González-Trijueque and Graña, 2013). We are not facing an isolated event but a process where an employee or employees experience different types of negative behaviors from co-workers. Within this persistent and long-term exposure may exist a power role between the formal and informal pair. This research aims to present a psychometric study based on the Spanish version of the NAQ-R carried out by González-Trijueque and Graña (2013). As opposed to the original scale, this sample contains 23 items and a three-dimension model (personal bullying, work-related bullying, and physically intimidating forms of bullying)
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