A produção do espaço social em Lefebvre: uma crítica “socionatural”

The article substantiates the paramount role of the country's productive forces in realizing the potential of social production, which is determined by people's productive experience, their diligence, activity and ability to work. The indicators of the level of development of the productive forces of Ukraine over the past 20 years are considered. It is emphasized that the development of the productive forces of Ukraine, first of all, is constrained by low indicators of activity of the fuel and energy complex. According to official statistics in Ukraine, there is a decline in production of all the most important energy resources. The fuel and energy complex is the most powerful interindustry complex, from the development of which the dynamics, scales and technical and economic indicators of production largely depend. The article examines the dynamics of the number of enterprises in Ukraine and emphasizes the destabilizing role of their reduction, as well as the weak policy of import substitution in the development of Ukraine's productive forces. Negative dynamics of sport of goods, which is celebrated in recent years, also acts as a deterrent to the development of the productive forces of Ukraine. The necessity of preserving the transit potential of Ukraine as a guarantor of the development of the productive forces is actualized in the article. However, the transit potential of Ukraine is currently used less than half. The work stresses the problem of protracted demographic crisis. The modern demographic crisis is characterized by a huge quantitative decrease in the population against the background of a significant deterioration in its health, a decline in the quality indicators of intellectual development. One of the main reasons for the lack of positive trends in the development of Ukraine's productive forces is the lack of a strategy for the development of productive forces in the context of Ukraine's overall development strategy. It is summarized that the development of the productive forces of Ukraine is characterized by the absence of positive facts and trends. It is necessary to develop practical recommendations on the way out of the protracted critical state.

Talent comes first. Talent, as the most active and decisive factor of production, is the decisive force for the formation and development of new quality productivity. To accelerate the formation of new quality productive forces, we must rely on the “new” talent development concept and work system to improve the “quality” of talent innovation efficiency, and truly integrate talents into the whole process of promoting the comprehensive reform of economic development quality, motivation and efficiency. However, there are still some practical problems in promoting the development of new quality productivity in China’s talent work, such as mismatch between supply and demand, rigid working mechanism, imperfect education system and unbalanced talent flow. Therefore, it is necessary to innovate the concept of talent development, improve the talent training system, enrich the strategic reserve of talent resources, improve the efficiency of talent innovation, embed talents in the process of promoting high-quality economic and social development, inject new kinetic energy into the development of newquality productive forces, and promote the “qualitative” development of productive forces with the wisdom of talents.

Since reform and opening up, China’s economic relations have undergone significant changes, in which the changes of various relations in the production process play a decisive role in the changes of economic relations. Therefore, combing the realistic evolution path of China’s relations of production in the past 40 years and refining the internal theoretical mechanism of its evolution are of great significance for summing up the 40 years’ experience of reform and opening up. Based on the basic law that productive forces determine production relations and production relations react to the productive forces, this paper holds that it is necessary to study the realistic path and internal logic of the evolution of production relations from the perspective of the mode of production and in the dynamic interaction between productive forces and production relations. On the one hand, this paper divides the realistic evolution of the mode of production in the past 40 years of reform and opening up into three stages according to interaction between productive forces and production relations. Firstly, the exploratory period of the quantitative mode of production （1978-1997）, during which the reform of production relations and the development of productive forces in China have promoted the planned mode of production” into the quantitative mode of production”. Secondly, during the deepening period of the quantitative production mode （1998-2012）, the development of productive forces and production relations jointly promoted the continuous development and stability of the quantitative production mode in China. Thirdly, during the exploration period of the quality production mode （from 2013 to the present）, China’s quality-based production mode is actively formed and promoted. However, in this period the role of productive forces still needs to be further stimulated, and the synergy between productive forces and production relations has not been fully established yet. On the other hand, this paper sums up the theoretical mechanism of the evolution of China’s relations of production by fully combining Marxist classical logic with the practice of China’s reform in the field of production. Namely, the dynamic adaptation between productive forces and production relations is the logical main line; people-centered” is the internal axis; the government control is the macro-guarantee of the evolution of China’s production relations. And these key elements interact with each other to promote the evolution and development of China’s production relations. The above theoretical mechanism is actually the summary and refinement of the practice of the reform of production relations since reform and opening up, and also a valuable experience in the process of socialist market economy construction in China.

The problem of the lack of economic growth in Ukraine which is considered through the effect on the economy of the political-economic law on the adequacy of production relations to the level and nature of productive forces is identified. In the course of the analysis of the state of productive forces and industrial relations, it was concluded that the industrial relations of Ukraine contain a rudiment of the economic system of the Middle Ages, which consists in a deep introduction of the institution of oligarchs into the economy. The author outlines the reasons for the emergence of oligarchic capitalism in Ukraine, in which oligarchs have the opportunity to shape public opinion and, thus, influence the composition of the legislative power, which adopts state laws beneficial to them. It is emphasized that industrial relations in Ukraine are currently lagging behind in their development, which, in turn, slows down the development of productive forces and society as a whole. The author has clearly defined that only with the change of outdated industrial relations is it possible to enter a new path of economic development. On the other hand, the productive forces of Ukraine, embodied in the labor force, fully correspond to the current level of development of the world's productive forces. This is the industrial relations lagging in the country from the character of productive forces. The contradiction between them inevitably leads to the reform of industrial relations. However, this should happen not in a revolutionary way, but in an evolutionary way in the form of a political struggle. It is quite difficult to carry out such an evolution, since the institution of oligarchs has informally appropriated all political and economic power. In addition to the role of oligarchs in the economic life of the country, the author considered a number of other elements of industrial relations that oppose the economic development of Ukraine. But in terms of their influence, they can be classified as the second level after the effect of the political-economic law. The article outlines ways of forming industrial relations adequate to the productive forces of modern Ukraine and their impact on economic development. It is noted that within the framework of existing industrial relations, the growth of public production volumes is possible, but its pace will be several times lower than potentially possible.

Population, man, human resources, human capital are the defining concepts in the consideration of issues related to the functioning of the national economy in modern economic conditions. It is generally recognized that labor activity is the main prerequisite that determines the material and spiritual wealth of man and society as a whole. Therefore, human resources at the present stage is one of the main components of the production potential of management in Ukraine, increasing the efficiency of use and reproduction of which are especially relevant. On the level of efficiency of human resources depends the level of welfare of the population, the development of productive forces, the scale of material production, etc. The development of intellectual productive forces and the strengthening of the influence of innovation and information factors contributes to the formation of a new socio-economic role of man in the modern economy and requires appropriate research. The article reveals the theoretical issues of trends in human capital development, a thorough analysis of the current state of human capital development and its importance in the modern economy. Based on the generalization of different views of scientists, the main stages of human capital formation in the agricultural sector of Ukraine's economy are identified and characterized. The problems of human capital use have been studied and proposals for its improvement have been worked out. It is revealed that the process of reproduction of human capital in agricultural enterprises and its effective use in the conditions of market transformations should be based on the principles of active policy aimed at reviving the economic situation in agriculture; scientific substantiation; development of measures in order to increase jobs and increase the labor needs of agricultural enterprises; improvement of the system of remuneration, social protection of agricultural workers; formation of the mechanism of social partnership, etc.

Цель: статья посвящена вопросам построения алгоритма типовой методики по разработке текущей и перспективной схем размещения производительных сил, включающих: основные понятия, методологию, факторы. Обсуждение: в настоящее время в России дискуссионны теоретико-методические положения по пространственному развитию регионов, формированию перспективных схем размещения производительных сил. В предложенной статье проанализированы теоретические вопросы и методологические положения пространственного размещения производительных сил, включающие современное интегрированное понимание содержания категории «производительные силы», трактовку понятия «размещение производительных сил», принципы, факторы и методы размещения про-изводительных сил. Акцент в исследовании сделан на размещении производительных сил в промышленных кластерах. Такие исследования являются базой для формирования региональных стратегий социально-экономического развития, кластерных и промышленных политик. Результаты: в ходе анализа теоретико-методических положений разработан и апробирован алгоритм методики построения схем территориально-пространственного размещения и развития производительных сил (РПС) в регионе. Предложения по формированию текущей и перспективной схем размещения производительных сил были выполнены для выделенных региональных промышленных кластеров. Формирование перспективной схемы происходило под воздействием развития инвестиционной и инновационной инфраструктуры, заявленных инновационных и инвестиционных проектов потенциальных участников кластеров, отраслевых тенденций как федерального уровня, так и регионального.

After Stalin’s death, and the tail-end of post-war reconstruction, the further development of Soviet productive forces necessitated a restructuring of the economy. The development of the productive forces on a global scale now meant that if the Soviet Union were to maintain its competitive position and satisfy increasing consumer demands, it had to move in the direction of technological flexibility — which, in turn, meant encouraging innovation and initiative at the lower levels. Yet the nature and structure of the statist economic mechanism militated against this.KeywordsNational EconomyEconomic ReformNational InterestIndustrial ManagerRuling ClassThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Purpose This study aims to explore new quality productive forces represent categorical innovation and a terminological revolution in the Marxist political economy. Productive forces constitute the material productive capacity realized by factors of production under specific relations of production and should not be confused with the productiveness of labor or factor capabilities. Design/methodology/approach The category of productive forces in political economy reflects the material and technological attributes of production while embodying socio-historical characteristics. The development of productive forces encompasses both qualitative and quantitative transformation. The essence of qualitative transformation in productive forces lies in bringing about fundamental changes in the modes of production (the modes of labor) through variations in factors and their combinations, thereby promoting and accelerating the formation of new relations of production and ways of life. Findings The technological history has demonstrated that new general-purpose technologies and leading sectors are significant manifestations of qualitative transformation in productive forces. Orginality/value The smooth development of new quality productive forces relies on “creative destruction” to achieve “orderly retreat” through “creative transformation.”

Methods. Results of the study were obtained through the use of such general scientific methods of scientific research as: logical and historical, which was used in studying the evolution of business structures depending on the development of technics and technology; abstraction – when establishing the essence of the concept of «creative corporation»; general and specific – when identifying the specific features that a creative corporation is endowed with; factor analysis – when establishing the interconnection between the development of productive forces and a qualitative change in organizational structures. Results. Based on the analysis of the history of the introduction of scientific and technical achievements of the industrial revolutions, the evolution of forms of organization of business structures and the modification of forms of corporate business organization are shown. The interconnection between the development of technics, technology and the qualitative characteristics of the workforce is demonstrated. New trends in the development of human capital are identified, which are caused by the transition of society to the post-industrial stage of development. The specifics of organizational forms of business structures are determined, in which the potential of human capital can be revealed with maximum efficiency. Novelty. Based on the establishment of the interconnection between the development of productive forces and the change in organizational forms of business, the main characteristics and social role of creative corporations are determined. Practical value. Understanding the dialectics of the transformation of organizational forms of business, which occurs under the influence of the deployment of scientific and technological progress, allows owners of business structures to make changes to existing business models in advance and thus achieve their strategic goals in the conditions of transformations caused by scientific and technological progress.

problem of raising the effectiveness of management and intensifying the economy is becoming especially urgent for the Eastern economy because of the more important part the region is playing in promoting more stable growth rates of the nation's economy and because of its vast reserves of minerals, raw materials, and biological resources. M. S. Gorbachev, General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee, emphasized at a meeting of party-economic activists of the Tiumen' and Tomsk regions: The accelerated development of the productive forces of Siberia and the is an important, integral part of the Party's economic strategy. This idea is contained in the draft of the new Program of the CPSU. Because it is absolutely impossible for the region to meet its important economic targets without science and scientific-technological progress, the Eastern Science Center of the USSR Academy of Sciences, together with party and economic organizations, is drafting the Far East integrated program f...

This article reviews some recent work on the energy analysis of agriculture, which shows that the efficiency of ‘modern’ agriculture is inferior to that of ‘traditional’ agriculture. We consider one of the first examples of energy accounting in agriculture (published by Sergei Podolinsky one hundred years ago), and we evaluate Engels’ reaction to it, in correspondence with Marx. This article is, then, an attempt to explore whether energy analysis can be fitted into the Marxist framework, and our conclusion is that Marxism would have to be much revised since there are epistemological obstacles (the use of categories from Political Economy, such as ‘production’, ‘labour‐value’, ‘capital') and ideological obstacles (the vision of a two‐stage transition to communist abundance and equality). Although some Marxist anthropologists have used energy analysis, most Marxist economic historians and economists have not, i. e. they have not looked critically at the notion of ‘development of productive forces’. We trace...

This article focuses primarily on the correlation between the concepts of “spatial” and “territorial” development. It is shown that, while differing in their content, these concepts substantially complement each other when it comes to specific research studies. In this case, the topic of spatial development includes considering the general areas for the location of productive forces, geographic dimension of the specific types of economic activities, economic measurement of distances, linear communications and a network structure of the economy while. In the topic of territorial development, the author introduces the territory itself as a natural and economic capital and territorial economic management based on such capital. The study of spatial and territorial aspects of socio-economic development in the European North of Russia (ENR) showed that its immediate future is associated not so much with the large projects aimed at creating new fuel and energy, mineral and raw material, or forestry bases, as with the improvement in the existing economic systems based on scientific and technological progress and interregional integration. The progression from developed territories to new Arctic and Northern locations is associated with tremendous costs and requires time for scientific and technical preparation. The modernization of existing production facilities, territorial and production complexes is a priority in the development of productive forces in ENR. The author proposes to apply the theoretical provisions and practical recommendations formulated as a result of studying the spatial and territorial development in the elaboration of government strategic planning documents. Currently, the practice of strategic planning does not fully consider the substance of such concepts as “spatial development” and “territorial development.” This incompleteness is so significant that overcoming it should be considered as one of the key objectives pursued by the regional policy.

The article examines the use of machinery and technology in various industries along with the development of productive forces in the era of modern scientific and technological progress. Therefore, conducting scientific and experimental research in this direction is an urgent problem, since the use of new raw materials, taking into account its chemical and mineralogical composition and physico-mechanical properties, the use of glass powder in the composition requires new scientific approaches to the development of technological parameters for the production of silicate bricks. Types of silicate bricks are lime-slag and lime-ash bricks. They are characterized by low density and thermal insulation properties of ordinary silicate bricks. For their preparation, slags or ash are used instead of quartz sand. The quality and technology of silicate brick production will depend on the physical an d chemical characteristics of the raw materials. If a small leak goes away from some indicators, then there will be an impact on the product parameters. Therefore, we must correctly determine the chemical, mineralogical and powdery degree of the raw material to which the glass residue is added, and create conditions for finding the optimal autoclave treatment and molding composition that affects the density and strength of the brick.

Комплексная оценка качества древесины сосны в лесных культурах разных условий местопроизрастания

Today, in terms of economic restructuring the problem of further development of productive forces and the search of the ways of their qualitative transformation is acute. The transition to new economic conditions and progression of technological mode of production have significantly affected the trajectory of the development of regional social sector and led to a situation where economic growth should be seen in the light of reproduction potential. The aim of the article is by analyzing social practice of regional productive forces reproduction to develop theoretical and practical recommendations to ensure the quality of transformational changes that facilitate processes of the reproduction of regional productive forces, aimed at the creation of necessary conditions for the development of regional social sector, and the formation of effective structure of regional economies. Taking into account the characteristics of modern regional development, the solution of problems, facing regional social sector, can only be based on comprehensive scientific analysis of qualitative reproduction of productive forces, disclosure of versatility of the process aimed at the proportional development of all elements of regional system and updating of all forms of its organization. Features of the development of Ñåð³ÿ: Åêîíîì³÷í³ íàóêè Âèïóñê 39. ×àñòèíà II 31 productive forces, that characterize the degree of dynamism of natural and human resources, production, population and regional infrastructure, determine the results of operation of socio-economic system and its structure. That’s why reproductive approach to regional processes organization is a precondition for proportionality of the development of all factors of production, which causes the most rational structure of regional economy. In the regulation of social and economic processes that cause the development of regional social sector and regional structure formation one should determine such features of modern reproductive process: production cyclical nature, which requires state regulation of disparities; capital flow between economy sectors in the search for higher standards and mass of profit, concentration and integration of production; deepening of regional labor division under the influence of science and technology, etc. Thus, structural transformations in regional systems become instruments that allow to coordinate territorial interests with those of regional social sector and provide a comprehensive solution of all aspects of productive forces reproduction.