Abstract
PurposeTo investigate the role of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.(1H-MRS) in the assessment of the biochemical environment of testes in infertile men with clinical varicocele. MethodsIn this prospective IRB approved study, 13 infertile men with clinical varicocele and 11 age-matched controls were assessed. 1H-MRS was performed using a single voxel point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) sequence with TR/TE: 2000/25 ms. Normalized metabolite concentrations, defined as ratios of the calculated metabolite concentrations relative to total creatine (tCr) concentration were compared between infertile testes with clinical varicocele and normal testes using nonparametric statistical tests. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the most significant predictor for the diagnosis of varicocele. ResultsSeveral metabolic peaks were found in both infertile testes with clinical varicocele and normal testes. Most prominent peaks were the following: total choline (tCho), tCr, myo-inositol (mI), Glx, and total lipids and macromolecules resonating at 0.9 ppm (TLM09), 1.3 ppm (TLM13) and 2.0 ppm (TLM20). Lower normalized concentrations of tCho (P = 0.001), mI (P = 0.012), Glx (P = 0.011), TLM09 (P = 0.027), TLM13 (P = 0.035) and TLM20 (P = 0.021) were found in infertile testes with clinical varicocele compared with normal men. Total Cho proved the most significant predictor for the diagnosis of clinical varicocele (P = 0.001). Conclusions1H-MR spectra of infertile testes with clinical varicocele showed decrease in normalized concentrations of tChol, ml, Glx and lipids. 1H-MRS of the testes might be used as a noninvasive marker of deranged spermatogenesis in infertile men with clinical varicocele.
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