A potential model for assessing and adapting island biodiversity to the risks of climate change

Abstract

Context Island landscapes and component biodiversity provide invaluable services. However, these are threatened by climate change. There is currently no framework for assessing and mitigating such threats on islands. Aims Based on an existing adaptation standard, we aimed to propose a systematic approach for planning the adaptation of islands based on a risk management process. Methods For each risk, we investigated a range of adaptation approaches that can be considered and selected by conservation practitioners in designing conservation interventions. Key results For each risk identified, a range of adaptation measures can be selected: do nothing; maintain and enhance habitat, intensive species management, and preserve populations (including through ex situ conservation); or exploit the natural characteristics of islands to conserve biodiversity. Conclusions This approach provides a decision-making matrix of risks/drivers vs adaptation measures to assist in the design of conservation interventions, which can be applied to Australian islands on a priority basis. Implications There will inevitably remain gaps in knowledge and understanding that will hamper conservation efforts. There will also remain circumstances where adaptation is not possible and loss of services and biodiversity will follow as a result of climate change. However, the proposed model for assessing and adapting to climate change risks is a step forward from the current situation, where relatively little consideration is being given to climate change when developing island conservation interventions.