Abstract
A method is proposed for measuring gravitational waves (GWs) from the collective electromagnetic (EM) response of a spinful quantum fluid, based on recent studies of the long-lived Mossbauer state 93m Nb in a pure Nb crystal. A pronounced EM response was found for the geometric phase by rotating the sample in a magnetic field, suggesting that GWs could also be detected. It was recently suggested that the macroscopic wave functions confined in two twisted nonspherical superconductors would give a geometrical phase oscillation induced by GWs. The sensitivity to GWs would be inversely proportional to the square of the bound length, which is the detector size. The proposed sensitivity to GWs would be dramatically enhanced by changing the characteristic size, i.e., using the microscopic size of a non-spherical particle instead of the macroscopic detector size of a scalar quantum fluid. The collective EM response from the quantum fluid would allow the macroscopic geometrical phase to be read from microscopic particles. GWs in the millihertz range, with amplitude of 10 �22 , would be detectable.
Highlights
Supposing that two clocks running at the same frequency but which are not synchronized are superimposed at the same position
It should be noted that the sensitivity of the 3He superfluid to gravitational waves (GWs) is barely two thousand times higher than the sensitivity of Sorge’s superconductive detector to GWs because the mass of 3He is greater than the mass of an electron, the atomic size is much smaller than the detector size
Even before the physics community is persuaded of the existence of the long-lived Mössbauer effect, it is worth developing the GW detector concept using this possible spinful quantum fluid
Summary
Supposing that two clocks running at the same frequency but which are not synchronized are superimposed at the same position (see Figure 1). The sensitivity of the detector, as the ratio߱Τ߱ீௐ, where߱ is the detuning from a quadrupole vibration and ߱ீௐ is the GW frequency, is inadequate for detecting GWs in the millihertz range and with amplitudes of the order of 10í22. Directional coupling between the multipolar transition and the GW quadrupole gives a detuning that depends on the nuclear orientation Because of their high frequencies of ~1019 Hz, the intrinsic Q-values of 103mRh (1023) and 93mNb (1028) are higher than the required value (1022). 103mRh and 93mNb are excellent candidates, fulfilling the conditions necessary to detect GWs, the problem remains of how to read their responses to GWs. Here, we suggest that a quantum liquid of these long-lived J-excitations, involving the superimposition of nonspherical clocks with different orientations, will give a differential reading from the collective EM responses
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