Abstract
Twenty-eight years ago a great industrial revolution occurred in Japan. It was nothing less than a total change in the ancient vehicles employed in the transportation of passengers. Wheeled carriages had seldom or never been used before this. A few officials rode on horseback. The usual plan was for the poor to go on foot and the rich to hire coolies who carried them litter-fashion in sedan chairs and cagos. The cago was a kind of litter suspended to a pole and carried on the shoulders of two coolies. As this is very exhausting labor each coolie carried also a stick as long as from his shoulder to the ground. When they found it necessary to rest they set these sticks upright under the ends of the pole, thus relieving them from the weight. Men of means traveling to a distant destination hired four or six coolies, who relieved each
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