A pictorial guide for performing dynamic musculoskeletal ultrasound techniques of the Upper Limb

Abstract

IntroductionDynamic techniques should be used to compliment static imaging in the field of Musculoskeletal ultrasound. Performing limb movements and imaging simultaneously, allows for diagnosing certain musculoskeletal conditions not otherwise confirmed by still images. This article aims to provide guidance on how to perform a selection of these dynamic musculoskeletal ultrasound techniques with a focus on the upper limb. MethodsThis pictorial guide features techniques gathered from literature review and experience gained in the field. ResultsApplication of dynamic ultrasound techniques has been evidenced in the literature to diagnose conditions such as trigger finger, dislocating tendons and causes of peripheral neuropathy. ConclusionMusculoskeletal conditions only elicited during limb movement can be difficult to diagnose. Appropriate use of dynamic techniques increases likelihood of correct diagnosis of the described conditions. Implications for practiceUltrasound provides a unique opportunity to visualise these conditions thus ultrasound users should aim to familiarise themselves with dynamic ultrasound techniques to improve patient outcomes.