Abstract
The Canadian Neighbourhoods and Early Child Development (CanNECD) database is a unique resource for research on child developmental health and well-being within the socioeconomic and cultural context of Canadian neighbourhoods. This paper describes the CanNECD database and highlights its potential for advancing research at the intersection of child development, social determinants of health, and neighbourhood effects.The CanNECD database contains cross-sectional population-level child developmental health data from all across Canada collected through regional implementation of the Early Development Instrument (EDI), geo-coded information on residential neighbourhoods covering all of Canada, and socioeconomic and demographic variables from the Canada Census and Income Taxfiler database. Individuals are not identified in the database, as no identifying information, such as names and addresses, is attached to the EDI record. At data collection, each individual child is given a unique number which is a combination of site, school, and position on a class list. Each neighbourhood receives a unique identifier which then is linkable across datasets. The nearly 800,000 EDI records spanning 2003-2014 and representing all Canadian provinces and territories (with the exception of Nunavut) are compiled in a secure electronic collection system at the Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University in Hamilton, Canada.Early studies using the EDI demonstrated its utility as a tool for assessing child developmental health at a population level, and its potential for both community-level and large-scale monitoring of child populations. Research using the CanNECD database is now examining to what extent social determinants and the steepness of the social gradients of developmental health differ between geographical jurisdictions and between different sub-populations. We are also working to identify outlier neighbourhoods in which EDI scores are substantially higher or lower than predicted by a neighbourhood’s demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, and exploring other potentially important determinants of children’s developmental health. Finally, we are examining the extent to which change-over-time in aggregate EDI scores varies geographically, and how well it coincides with changes in socioeconomic factors. Thus, the CanNECD database offers the opportunity for research that will inform national policies and strategies on child developmental health.
Highlights
The early years of a child’s life are critical for long-term health and well-being
A large body of social and medical sciences research describes the factors that are vital for different aspects of children’s developmental health: the presence of a loving, supportive caregiver is essential for attachment formation [1]; play and creative learning opportunities for early social and cognitive development [2]; food security and a balanced diet for healthy early physical development [3]; and universally accessible and affordable child and family care, health, and education services are significantly associated with positive developmental health outcomes in multiple domains [4]
The Canadian Neighbourhoods and Early Child Development (CanNECD) database holds de-identified, linkable data from several different sources: (i) Developmental health data in five core domains are collected using the Early Development Instrument (EDI), a questionnaire completed by kindergarten teachers [10]
Summary
The early years of a child’s life are critical for long-term health and well-being. A large body of social and medical sciences research describes the factors that are vital for different aspects of children’s developmental health: the presence of a loving, supportive caregiver is essential for attachment formation [1]; play and creative learning opportunities for early social and cognitive development [2]; food security and a balanced diet for healthy early physical development [3]; and universally accessible and affordable child and family care, health, and education services are significantly associated with positive developmental health outcomes in multiple domains [4]. The CanNECD database holds de-identified, linkable data from several different sources: (i) Developmental health data in five core domains are collected using the Early Development Instrument (EDI), a questionnaire completed by kindergarten teachers [10].
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