Abstract
In Echizen province of Fukui Prefecture many manors were distributed from the late Asuka period to the Heian period (ca. seventh to twelfth century). These manors belonged to the Imperial Household and such temples as the Todai-ji, Kofuku-ji and Iwashimizu Temples. The Manor Chimori-no-sho, which belonged to the Todai-ji Temple and existed in the Nara period (ca. eighth century), was situated in the vicinity of Mt. Asuwa-yama in the southwestern part of Fukui City. It is estimated on the basis of the ancient rice-field map and the old documents which are deposited in the National Shosoin Historical Museum in Nara City. This area is the alluvial lowland formed by the Asuwa and Hino Rivers, tributaries of the Kuzuryu River. The ancient rice-field mould, waterways and flumes formed during the Manor Chimori-no-sho age are overlain by the Holocene fluviatile deposits transported by these tributaries. Consequently, although the locality of this manor was well known, the horizon of the ancient rice-field mould and the localities of the ancient waterways and flumes was not clear for long years.The writer determined the horizon of the ancient rice-field mould and the localities of the ancient waterways and flumes, based on the following methods: (1) palynological investigation, especially of the existence and ratio of Gramineae, (2) degree of survival of plant fragments and carbonaceous materials, (3) degree of survival of siliceous phytogenic particles (plant opal), (4) horizon of cracked soil, (5) soil color, and (6) thickness and horizontal extent of dark bluish gray soil.The results of the palynological investigation, and the degree of survival of plant fragments, carbonaceous materials and siliceous phytogenic particles are shown in Figures 11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 18, 21, 22, 24 and 26. These figures will be helpful to realize the horizon of the ancient rice-field and the locations of the ancient waterways and flumes in the Manor Chimori-no-sho age.
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