Abstract

Abstract The effect of planetary vorticity gradient (beta) and the presence of a uniform mean flow on the intensification of tropical cyclones are studied using a limited-area primitive equation model. The most intense storm evolves on a constant-f plane with zero-mean flow and its structure is symmetric with respect to the vortex center. The presence of an environmental flow induces an asymmetry in a vortex due to surface friction. When f varies the vortex is distorted by the beta gyres. Fourier analysis of the wind field shows that a deepening cyclone is associated with a small asymmetry in the low-level wavenumber-one wind field. A small degree of asymmetry in the wind field allows a more symmetric distribution of the surface fluxes and low-level moisture convergence. On the other hand, a weakening or nonintensifying cyclone is associated with a larger asymmetry in its wavenumber-one wind field. This flow pattern generates asymmetric moisture convergence and surface fluxes and a phase shift may exist b...

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