Abstract
AbstractWe present a three‐dimensional numerical model of large‐scale ionospheric electron density and temperature modulation by powerful electromagnetic waves by incorporating the transport equations and the three‐dimensional ray‐tracing algorithm. Based on this numerical model, the changes of ionospheric electron density and temperature at nighttime are investigated. The simulation results present (1) the ionospheric electron temperature enhancement due to the energy absorption; (2) the ionospheric electron density depletion at the reflection region and enhancement at the upper/lower region along the field line due to the thermal pressure; and (3) large‐scale field‐aligned irregularities (FAIs) due to the thermal self‐focusing instability with transverse scale of ~10 km. The results are quantitatively consistent with the previous theoretical predictions and experimental observations, which indicate that the thermal processes play an important role in the ionospheric electron density/temperature modulation and large‐scale FAI generation.
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