Abstract
Image watermarking is a robust solution for solving key issues like copyright protection and proof of ownership of digital data. Existing schemes of image watermarking mostly used grayscale or binary images as embedded watermarks, while only a few watermarking schemes are developed for color images. In this article, we propose a novel robust semi-blind image watermarking scheme based on finite ridgelet transform (FRT), discrete wavelet transform (DWT), singular value decomposition (SVD), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and Arnold transform to protect copyright and verify the authenticity of color images.Firstly, the color image is converted from RGB to YCbCr color space, and the luminance component (Y) is taken into account to insert the watermark data. In this study, the principal component (PC) of the watermark image is directly inserted into the corresponding singular value of the cover image by the scaling factor to avoid the false positive problem (FPP). To further improve security, Arnold transform is applied to process the Y channel of the watermark image before inserting it in the cover image. Besides, PSO optimizes the embedding factor matrices.The qualitative evaluation factors like peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity (SSIM) are used to assess the visual quality, while normalized correlation coefficient (NCC) is used to assess the resemblance between the watermarked and the restored watermarked images. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated using geometric, non-geometric, and combinational attacks, and its comparison is performed with different image watermarking schemes to prove its robustness.
Highlights
In recent years, distributing multimedia data on the network become easy and inexpensive
The method of watermark extraction is the opposite of the watermark insertion phase, where the inserted watermark is obtained by employing the relevant data that is only available to the legitimate user acquired by embedding the side data (VT(HLWI)), scaling factor-alpha (α), WICb, and WICr
The proposed watermark scheme is primarily focused on color images, and it’s important to match this scheme with other similar schemes [4]–[6], [21] as comparison schemes to prove the dominance of the proposed watermark scheme in terms of the invisibility and robustness
Summary
In recent years, distributing multimedia data (including images, videos, audios, etc.) on the network become easy and inexpensive. Digital watermarking is an effective information embedding scheme so that it’s not perceived by others. In this scheme, the hidden watermark shouldn’t degrade the image quality and it is invisible to provide copyright protection [1]–[5], [11], [21], [27]. The embedded secret watermark image is extracted without referring to the cover image [1], [3], [7]–[10], [16], [26], [27]. Conventional watermarking schemes are primarily designed for grayscale images, while color image watermarking schemes have not been sufficiently explored. The high-frequency sub-images are regarded as being the most important sub-images for watermark embedding [31], [32]
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