Abstract
Climate control systems have a largely negative effect on the energy consumption of electric vehicles and consequently on their real driving range. Improving the efficiency of climate control systems requires advanced simulation tools for an accurate evaluation of both the energy savings and thermal comfort of innovative heating and cooling solutions. In this study, the advancements beyond the state of the art consists primarily of the methodology tackling the reduction of computational costs of intensive computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and/or time-consuming experimental investigations and the simultaneous assessment of vehicle cabin thermal comfort and energy flows. The approach was validated against climatized chassis dyno measurements from the EU Horizon 2020 research project QUIET. Indeed, all the considered locations within the cabin were properly validated, both in steady state and transient conditions with the largest deviations at steady state below 3 °C. Additionally, the validation results show a perfect agreement for the average cabin predicted mean vote (PMV) value and a largest deviation in terms of the PMV for the other locations below 0.3. Furthermore, the applicability of the methodology is proved with the help of its application on a parametric study for which various cabin temperature setpoints and heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) modes were simulated in winter operation.
Highlights
Several studies showed the negative impact that the cabin cooling has on energy consumption for both conventional internal combustion engine (ICE), plug-in hybrid electric (PHEV) and battery electric vehicles (BEV)
Li et al [5] carried out tests for both indoor chassis dynamometer and on-road tests using PHEV, and concluded that air conditioner power consumption accounts for a large fraction of the total power
The validate the thermal
Summary
Electric vehicles (EV), as local zero emissions vehicles, positively address and tackle the environmental problems, significantly reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, air pollution and noise pollution [1]. Several studies showed the negative impact that the cabin cooling has on energy consumption for both conventional internal combustion engine (ICE), plug-in hybrid electric (PHEV) and battery electric vehicles (BEV). Shete and Farrington et al (respectively, in [3] and [4]) highlight the negative impact of the air conditioning systems of ICE vehicles on CO2 emissions and fuel consumption and suggest various ways to reduce the amount of energy spent for cabin environment control using parked car ventilation, recirculated air, and advanced glazing, among others. Various studies [6,7,8,9,10] analysed
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