Abstract
The oil and gas production operations suffer from scale depositions. The scale precipitations have a damaging impact on the reservoir pores, perforations, downhole and completion equipment, pipeline network, wellhead chokes, and surface facilities. Hydrocarbon production possibly decreased because of the scale accumulation in the well tubular, leading to a well plugging, this requires wells to be shut-in in severe cases to perform a clean-out job. Therefore, scale deposition is badly affecting petroleum economics. This research aims to design a scale dissolver with low cost, non-damaging for the well equipment and has a high performance at the field operating conditions. This paper presents a novel non-corrosive dissolver for sulfate and sulfide composite scale in alkaline pH and works at low-temperature conditions. The scale samples were collected from a production platform from different locations. A complete description of the scale samples was performed as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The new scale dissolver was prepared in different concentrations to examine its dissolution efficiency for the scale with time at low temperatures. The experimental design studied the solid to fluid ratio, temperature, solubility time, and dissolution efficiency in order to achieve the optimum and most economic performance of solubility in terms of high dissolution efficiency with the smallest possible amount of scale dissolver. A solubility comparison was performed with other commercial-scale-dissolvers and the corrosion rate was tested. The experimental work results demonstrated the superior performance of the new scale dissolver. The new scale dissolver showed a solubility efficiency of 91.8% at a low temperature of 45 °C and 79% at 35 °C. The new scale dissolver showed a higher solubility ratio for the scale sample than the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (20 wt. %), diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) (20 wt. %), and HCl (10 wt. %). The corrosion rate for the new non-corrosive dissolver was 0.01357 kg/m2 (0.00278 lb./ft²) which was considered a very low rate and non-damaging for the equipment. The low corrosive effect of the new dissolver will save the extra cost of adding the corrosion inhibitors and save the equipment from the damaging effect of the corrosive acids.
Highlights
The precipitations of the scales on the internal surfaces of the pipelines, surface facilities, and downhole equipment cause a lot of operational problems and, in severe cases, this might lead to shutting down the well
The results show the solubility test results in terms of the scale dissolution efficiency and categorize the different shapes and sizes used for the scale samples as bulk or fine
It is clear from the results that the dissolution efficiency for the new scale dissolver overcame the dissolution efficiency of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (20 wt. %) and diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) (20 wt. %) by an average of 2.7 times its value at a temperature of 45 ◦C, while it overcame the dissolution efficiency of EDTA (20 wt. %) and DTPA (20 wt. %) by 4.4 and 3 times, respectively, at a temperature of 35 ◦C
Summary
The precipitations of the scales on the internal surfaces of the pipelines, surface facilities, and downhole equipment cause a lot of operational problems and, in severe cases, this might lead to shutting down the well. In the daily operation reports, scale deposition is very common and is a nightmare for the production and process engineers. The main problems of the scale depositions are a reduction in the inner diameter of the production tubes, reduction in the well production and pressure, surface and subsurface equipment failure, perforations, and formation damage in the reservoir [1,2,3,4]. The scale was deposited on the sand face and plugged part of the formation pores and, it will reduce the well productivity or the well injectivity in the case of production or injection wells [7,8,9]
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