Abstract
Assessing the damage level in concrete infrastructures over time is a critical issue to plan their timely maintenance with proper actions. Self-sensing concretes offer new opportunities for damage assessment by monitoring their electrical properties and relating their variations to damage levels. In this research, fatigue tests were conducted to study the response of a self-sensing concrete under high-cycle dynamic loading. The concept of G-value was defined as the slope of the voltage response baseline of the self-sensing concrete over time that reflects the damage created under the fatigue-loading test. Based on this definition, log (G)–log (N) curves were obtained using a linear regression approach, with N representing the number of cycles during the fatigue tests. While traditional fatigue curves S-log (N) are used to estimate the remaining life under fatigue loading, log (G)–log (N) diagrams can be used to determine the damage level based on the voltage response of the self-sensing concrete as a function of the loading history. This finding can be useful for the estimation of the lifetime and remaining life of self-sensing concrete structures and infrastructure, eventually helping to optimize the related maintenance operations.
Highlights
Structural health monitoring (SHM) is a convenient way to obtain knowledge for the assessment of various structures and infrastructure, which require inspection, monitoring, and management of the proper maintenance strategies to ensure adequate safety levels and sustainability in civil engineering [1]
Testsfatigue test settings, six specimens were broken under standard static three-point-bending stressfatigue to estimate the modulus of rupture (MOR).under standard
Concrete containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was fabricated, and self-sensing concrete specimens were tested under a fatigue setup
Summary
Structural health monitoring (SHM) is a convenient way to obtain knowledge for the assessment of various structures and infrastructure, which require inspection, monitoring, and management of the proper maintenance strategies to ensure adequate safety levels and sustainability in civil engineering [1]. Especially at high-stress levels, is one of the main causes of damage accumulation in concrete structures. In these cases, the use of proper damage monitoring tools is crucial for hazard mitigation. Gawel et al mentioned that the two complementary methods, i.e., acoustic emission and resistance measurements in cement/CNF composites, can be used for sensing the stress state in materials [6]. These sensors may present some drawbacks related to their durability, cost, sensing volume, and spatial resolution [7]. A new strategy for detecting damage in real-time is providing infrastructures with self-sensing capabilities, generated by adding carbon materials such as carbon fibers (CFs) [8,9,10,11] or non-carbon materials as conductive fillers to the concrete [12,13,14] and monitoring the related electrical response in time
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