Abstract
Precise in vivo evaluation of cerebral vasospasm caused by subarachnoid hemorrhage has remained a critical but unsolved issue in experimental small animal models. In this study, we used synchrotron radiation angiography to study the vasospasm of anterior circulation arteries in two subarachnoid hemorrhage models in rats. Synchrotron radiation angiography, laser Doppler flowmetry-cerebral blood flow measurement, [125I]N-isopropyl-p-iodoamphetamine cerebral blood flow measurement and terminal examinations were applied to evaluate the changes of anterior circulation arteries in two subarachnoid hemorrhage models made by blood injection into cisterna magna and prechiasmatic cistern. Using synchrotron radiation angiography technique, we detected cerebral vasospasm in subarachnoid hemorrhage rats compared to the controls (p<0.05). We also identified two interesting findings: 1) both middle cerebral artery and anterior cerebral artery shrunk the most at day 3 after subarachnoid hemorrhage; 2) the diameter of anterior cerebral artery in the prechiasmatic cistern injection group was smaller than that in the cisterna magna injection group (p<0.05), but not for middle cerebral artery. We concluded that synchrotron radiation angiography provided a novel technique, which could directly evaluate cerebral vasospasm in small animal experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage models. The courses of vasospasm in these two injection models are similar; however, the model produced by prechiasmatic cistern injection is more suitable for study of anterior circulation vasospasm.
Highlights
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a vital clinical syndrome, nearly 80% of which is caused by the rupture of cerebral aneurysm
While the cisterna magna was being viewed under high magnification through the transparent dura mater, a PE-10 catheter attached to the 1 ml syringe was introduced along the inner table of the occipital bone into the cisterna magna at an angle of about 60 degrees with the top of the calvarium, until the catheter tip was visible within cisterna magna
The surface cerebral blood flow (CBF) in G3 and G4 groups reduced to about 50% of baseline at 30 minutes after SAH; their CBF remained in a low level of baseline (
Summary
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a vital clinical syndrome, nearly 80% of which is caused by the rupture of cerebral aneurysm. 10 in 100,000 people experience aneurysmal SAH every year, in which, about 40% die and 30% of the survivors suffer from morbidity [1]. Severe cerebral vasospasm (CV) is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity in aneurysmal SAH [2,3,4]. To explore the mechanisms of experimental SAH pathophysiology, various approaches were tested on animal models; most of these methods were histological analyses with few in vivo interpretations. Because of limited resolution or indirection, these methods could not be widely used to detect and evaluate CV in experimental
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