Abstract
The urea-urease system was chosen as a model system to explore the suitability for the use of a bulk acoustic wave impedance sensor (BAWIS) as a detector in an immobilized enzyme FIA system. In the proposed FIA sysem, the urea in samples was hydrolyzed into ammonium and bicarbonate under the catalysis of the immobilized urease. The ammonium formed was converted into ammonia in an alkaline stream, and the ammonia diffused across a gas-permeable membrane into a recipient solution of dilute hydrochloric acid. The conductance change caused by the trapped ammonia was followed by a BAWIS detector. The system was applied to the analysis of urea in blood and urine samples. It exhibited a linear frequency response up to 10 mM urea with a detection limit of 10 μM. The through-put was 50 h-1, and the relative standard deviation of the peak heights (n=6) ranged between 0.63-1.97%. The effects of several factors, including those affecting the enzymatic reaction, detector performance, and gas-diffusion process, were also investigated. Compared with those conventional enzymatic methods for urea determination, the proposed immobilized urease FIA/BAWIS system is characterized by its rapid throughput, high reproducibility, low-cost apparatus, and easy manipulation.
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