Abstract
In the present work, the majority of implemented virtual surgery simulation systems have been based on either a mesh or meshless strategy with regard to soft tissue modelling. To take full advantage of the mesh and meshless models, a novel coupled soft tissue cutting model is proposed. Specifically, the reconstructed virtual soft tissue consists of two essential components. One is associated with surface mesh that is convenient for surface rendering and the other with internal meshless point elements that is used to calculate the force feedback during cutting. To combine two components in a seamless way, virtual points are introduced. During the simulation of cutting, the Bezier curve is used to characterize smooth and vivid incision on the surface mesh. At the same time, the deformation of internal soft tissue caused by cutting operation can be treated as displacements of the internal point elements. Furthermore, we discussed and proved the stability and convergence of the proposed approach theoretically. The real biomechanical tests verified the validity of the introduced model. And the simulation experiments show that the proposed approach offers high computational efficiency and good visual effect, enabling cutting of soft tissue with high stability.
Highlights
With the rapid development of computer 3D processing capacity and the emergence of low-cost sensors, major advances have been achieved in the past decades in the areas of virtual reality (VR) [1, 2]
The virtual human liver model is composed of 508 triangles, and we utilize the fast and efficient subdivision method based on the equidistant interpolation to generate 1526 internal point elements
We proposed a new coupled soft tissue cutting simulation model which takes full advantage of the two types of models, that is, mesh and meshless models, and avoids their drawbacks
Summary
With the rapid development of computer 3D processing capacity and the emergence of low-cost sensors, major advances have been achieved in the past decades in the areas of virtual reality (VR) [1, 2]. According to whether virtual organ objects need to be premeshed or not during the simulation process, the soft tissue cutting models can be roughly divided into two modelling architectures: mesh-based approaches and meshless-based approaches. The meshless-based soft tissue cutting model reconstructs the virtual tissue on the basis of the discrete and separates point elements and the relationship among each point element does not associate with the mesh It does not need special maintenance for the topological structure of point elements. Due to the complex data structure and process, the computational burden is heavy To address these problems, we proposed a novel coupled model of the soft tissue cutting model based on mesh and meshless approaches for surgical simulation.
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