A novel FZD6 mutation revealed the cause of cleft lip and/or palate in a Chinese family

Abstract

Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) is a most common craniofacial birth defect which has multifactorial etiology. In our study, we aimed to discover the underlying etiological gene variation in a Chinese family diagnosed as non-syndromic CL/P (NSCL/P). The blood sample of the proband and her parents were detected by whole exome sequencing. The Mendelian inheritance pattern, allele frequency, variation location, function analysis and literature search were applied to filtrate and screen the mutation. Besides, the candidates were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. We meanwhile explored the conservative analysis and protein homology simulation. As a result, a start-lost mutation c.1A > GAtg/Gtg in the Frizzled-6 (FZD6) gene predicting p.Met1 was detected. The variation has not been reported before and was predicted to be harmful. The alteration caused missing of two starting amino acids that are evolutionarily conserved for FZD6 protein. Moreover, the specific structure of the mutant protein obviously changed according to the results of the homologous model. In conclusion, the results suggest c.1A > GAtg/Gtg in the FZD6 (NM_001164616) might be the genetic etiology for non-syndromic CL/P in this pedigree. Furthermore, this finding provided new etiologic information, supplementing the evidence that FZD6 is a strong potential gene for CL/P.