Abstract
Wood adhesive was prepared using Broussonetia papyrifera waste leaf protein as the raw material. The performance of the B. papyrifera leaf protein adhesive compared to soy protein was investigated using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. The results indicated that both B. papyrifera leaf protein and soy protein were spherical proteins that could easily form three-dimensional crosslinked network structures and were of potential for protein adhesive preparation. The B. papyrifera leaf and soy protein-based adhesives had similar curing behaviors, but the crosslinking reaction of B. papyrifera leaf protein-based adhesive seems to be more complex than that of the soy protein-based adhesive. The B. papyrifera leaf protein-based adhesive had a lower increasing trend of particle size and crystallinity than the soy-based protein adhesive, and its water resistance and bonding strength were also weaker. The plywood with BP leaf protein adhesive had dry and wet shear strengths of 0.93 MPa and 0.59 MPa, respectively. These results are promising for future industrial production using Broussonetia papyrifera waste leaf protein as a new protein wood adhesive in the wood industry.
Highlights
IntroductionGreat focus has been put on the production and use of ecofriendly wood adhesives based on forest and agricultural resources [1,2,3,4]
This study lays a foundation for the development of novel protein-based adhesives by increasing raw material availability. We found that both B. papyrifera leaf protein and soybean protein were spherical proteins that could form three-dimensional crosslinked network structures with the potential for protein adhesive preparation
B. papyrifera leaf and soy protein adhesives had comparable curing behaviors, and the heating rate influence on the curing temperature of B. papyrifera leaf protein adhesive was less compared to soy protein adhesive at the lower rates
Summary
Great focus has been put on the production and use of ecofriendly wood adhesives based on forest and agricultural resources [1,2,3,4] Biomass materials, such as protein, starch, tannin, and lignin are commonly employed in the manufacture of wood adhesives [5,6,7,8]. The application of protein adhesives has a long history, and they are classified as animal or plant protein adhesives based on their raw material sources [9,10] The latter has a late start in research, it has been studied most recently. As a result, conducting the study of a new type of protein-based wood adhesive based on agricultural and forestry waste material would be critical in reducing reliance on soybean protein, lowering manufacturing costs, and increasing competitiveness in the market of protein-based adhesives
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