Abstract
Hydralazine hydrochloride (HZH) is a popular nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory vasodilator. HZH was explored using Zirconium-doped ZnO nanoparticles drop-casted on a β-cyclodextrin (β-CDX) modified carbon paste electrode (Zr:ZnO/β-CDX@CPE). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) were used to characterize the sample. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) assessed material performance. HZH was tested under different phosphate buffer conditions using Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV). Results were best at pH 7.0 in the potential range of −0.4 V to 0.7 V. The diffusion electrode technique was utilized to study the effects of different factors on the electrochemical characteristics. Quantitative evaluation of HZH was performed using SWV in the concentration range of 0.8–20 μM, showing linearity. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were determined as 4.8 × 10−9 M and 16.2 × 10−9 M, respectively. This innovative technique was successfully applied to measure HZH in biological and water samples.
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