Abstract
Wound infections are serious medical complications that can endanger human health. Latest researches show that conductive composite materials may make endogenous/exogenous electrical stimulation more effective, guide/comb cell migration to the wound, and subsequently promote wound healing. To accelerate infected wound healing, a novel medical silver nanoparticle-doped conductive polymer-based hydrogel system (Ag NPs/CPH) dressing with good conductivity, biocompatibility, and mechanical and antibacterial properties was fabricated. For the hydrogel dressing, Ag NPs/CPH, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and gelatin were used as the host matrix materials, and phytic acid (PA) was used as the cross-linking agent to introduce conductive polyaniline into the matrix, with antibacterial Ag NPs loaded via impregnation. After a series of analyses, the material containing 5 wt% of PVA by concentration, 1.5 wt% gelatin, 600 μL of AN reactive volume, and 600 μL of PA reactive volume was chosen for Ag NPs/CPH preparation. XPS and FTIR analysis had been further used to characterize the composition of the prepared Ag NPs/CPH. The test on the swelling property showed that the hydrogels had abundant pores with good water absorption (≈140% within 12 h). They can be loaded and continuously release Ag NPs. Thus, the prepared Ag NPs/CPH showed excellent antibacterial property with increasing duration of immersion of Ag NPs. Additionally, to evaluate in vivo safety, CCK-8 experiments of HaCat, LO2 and 293T cells were treated with different concentrations of the Ag NPs/CPH hydrogel soaking solution. The experimental results showed the Ag NPs/CPH had no significant inhibitory effect on any of the cells. Finally, an innovative infection and inflammation model was designed to evaluate the prepared Ag NPs/CPH hydrogel dressing for the treatment of severely infected wounds. The results showed that even when infected with bacteria for long periods of time (more than 20 h), the proposed conductive antibacterial hydrogel could treat severely infected wounds.
Highlights
Wound infections refer to the serious inflammatory reaction that occurs after a relatively long period of time when microorganisms invade damaged skin (Brook and Frazier, 1990; Brook and Frazier, 1998)
Because polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was used as the main matrix material, the effects of PVA content on the mechanical properties of the prepared Ag NPs/conductive polymerbased hydrogel system (CPH) material were investigated
The compressive modulus of the hydrogels increased as the PVA reaction concentration increased (Figure 1E and Supplementary Figure S2A)
Summary
Wound infections refer to the serious inflammatory reaction that occurs after a relatively long period of time (more than 24 h) when microorganisms invade damaged skin (Brook and Frazier, 1990; Brook and Frazier, 1998). It is imperative to cure infected wounds and accelerate healing Traditional wound dressings, such as gauze and bandages, have good air permeability but do not have bacteriostatic effects on the infected wounds (Catanzano et al, 2021; Chi et al, 2020; Niimi et al, 2020; dos Santos et al, 2018; Varaprasad et al, 2020; Zhang and Zhao, 2020). Various new antibacterial dressings such as films, foams, and alginate have been developed to address the clinical needs of wound healing. These materials have some disadvantages such as lack of osmotic absorption, poor wound surface adhesion, and low air permeability. A novel, light, and portable medical dressing is needed that can effectively resist bacteria and promote the healing of infected wounds
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