A new time-decay radiomics integrated network (TRINet) for breast cancer risk prediction.

Looking for a Needle in a Haystack: The Importance of Having Optimal Display Luminance Level for Breast Cancer Detection on Digital Breast Tomosynthesis

Background Earlier detection of breast cancer through mammography screening has reduced disease-specific mortality; however, confounding issues such as technical challenges, breast density, and tumor size can result in false negatives and ultimately later stage diagnosis. Next generation liquid biopsy has the potential to complement mammography and enable earlier detection for more women. We have previously demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for early detection of invasive breast cancer (IBC) by utilizing a novel category of cancer-associated small RNAs, termed orphan noncoding RNAs (oncRNAs), through a liquid biopsy platform. Here, we further improve the ability to detect breast cancer in a larger, multi-source cohort through an AI-driven approach and demonstrate potential for detection of ductal carcinoma in-situ (DCIS). Methods We utilized The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) small RNA-seq database to discover a library of 20,538 oncRNAs, through a female-specific analysis, that were significantly enriched among 1,103 breast tumors compared to 349 normal tissue samples spanning multiple tissue sites. The diagnostic performance of these oncRNAs were assessed in an independent cohort of archived serum samples from 663 female individuals, sourced from Indivumed (Hamburg, Germany), Proteogenex (Inglewood, CA), and MT Group (Los Angeles, CA), including 279 breast cancer patients of various stages (221 IBC and 58 DCIS; mean age: 57.0 ± 13.8 years; ever-smoker: 25.8%) and 304 age-matched controls (mean age: 58.5 ± 13.9 years; ever-smoker: 23.4%) without breast cancer. All samples were collected between 2010–2022 at time of diagnosis for breast cancer patients. We sequenced the small RNA content of these samples at an average depth of 25.28 ± 9.37 million 50-bp single-end reads. We detected 18,025 (87.8%) unique breast cancer-specific oncRNA species within at least one sample from the study cohort. We then trained a generative AI model using 5-fold cross-validation to predict cancer status for all samples. Results Our oncRNA-based model achieved an overall AUC of 0.95 (95% CI, 0.93–0.97) for prediction of IBC versus cancer-free controls with a sensitivity of 0.87 (0.82–0.91) at 90% specificity. We observed high sensitivities, also at 90% specificity, across all tumor stages and tumor sizes (Table 1). Sensitivities for the earliest stage and smallest tumor size were 0.87 (0.78–0.93) and 0.81 (0.61–0.93) for Stage I (n=83) and T1a–b ( >1mm to ≤10mm; n=26), respectively. Additionally, in a small single-source cohort, we also saw high model accuracy and sensitivity for DCIS, which we aim to confirm in additional cohorts. While our overall cancer cohort primarily consisted of individuals with luminal breast cancer, our model had high sensitivities across all breast cancer subtypes at 0.90 (0.84–0.94), 0.73 (0.59–0.85), and 0.86 (0.42–1.0) for luminal (n=181), HER2 positive (n=49), and triple negative (n=7), respectively. Conclusions We further demonstrate the potential utility of oncRNAs as a blood-based biomarker using an AI algorithm for sensitive and accurate early detection of breast cancer in a large cohort. Additionally, we have shown that this oncRNA-based assay performs well in detecting small, early-stage invasive breast tumors, with potential to detect precursors of breast cancer. Table 1: Model sensitivity in breast cancer by tumor stage and size For each tumor stage and size, as defined by the AJCC 7th Edition breast cancer staging system, sensitivity and 95% Pearson-Clopper confidence intervals (CI) are reported at 90% specificity for the number of samples (N). Citation Format: Noura Tbeileh, Taylor Cavazos, Mehran Karimzadeh, Jeffrey Wang, Alice Huang, Dung Ngoc Lam, Seda Kilinc, Jieyang Wang, Xuan Zhao, Andy Pohl, Helen Li, Lisa Fish, Kimberly Chau, Marra Francis, Lee Schwartzberg, Patrick Arensdorf, Hani Goodarzi, Fereydoun Hormozdiari, Babak Alipanahi. Cell-free orphan noncoding RNAs and AI enable early detection of invasive breast cancer and ductal carcinoma in-situ [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO2-13-08.

The goal of the Guideline "Early Detection of Breast Cancer in Germany" is to assist physicians, healthy women, and patients in the decision-making process in favour of appropriate health care regarding early detection and diagnosis of breast cancer. The principle of early detection of breast cancer embraces the detection of non-invasive stages of breast cancer (UICC stage 0, carcinoma in situ), reducing the frequency of invasive breast cancer development, as well as the identification of breast cancer at an early stage (UICC stage I) having a chance of cure of more than 90%, as shown by a large number of trials. The Guideline summarized in the following paper is a precondition to establishing a nation-wide, comprehensive, quality-assurance program for the early detection and diagnosis of breast cancer. The resulting consequence should be a timely mortality reduction of breast cancer. The cure of early stage disease will additionally be achieved by less intensive treatment methods while largely maintaining the quality of life of breast cancer patients. Implementing the Guideline offers the possibility of a significant improvement in women's health care.

Objective. Conduct a comprehensive assessment of the indicators of screening programs for early detection of breast and cervical cancer in the Gomel region.Materials and methods. A total of 7,611 first-time detected cases of breast cancer and 1,370 cases of cervical cancer in the Gomel region were analyzed for the period 2012-2022 (according to Belarusian Cancer Registry). The results of examination of 105130 participants of the screening program for early detection of breast cancer and 70258 participants of the screening program for early detection of cervical cancer were analyzed.Results. During the period 2017-2022, due to screening, 12% of cases of breast cancer were detected from the total number of newly diagnosed malignant breast pathologies. From 2018 to 2022, the proportion of newly detected cases of cervical cancer within the screening program increased from 0.83% to 2.61%, which indicates that the introduction of the screening program contributes to an increase in the detection of precancerous conditions of the cervix.Conclusions. The screening program for breast cancer and cervical cancer has shown its effectiveness in detecting new cases of malignant neoplasms of these localizations. An important result of the screening conducted in the Gomel region is the fact that the observed trend towards a decrease in the detection of breast cancer and cervical cancer in the early stages does not give any cause for optimism, as this is evidence of a deterioration in the structure of the detected pathology.

A vision for improved cancer screening in Nigeria.

Regular breast self-examination is one of the most cost-effective methods for the early preclinical detection of breast cancer in women. Despite this fact, the practice of breast self-examination in Ukraine remains low and requires development and improvement. The purpose of the study was the development of the structure and content of the breast self-examination program for the academic community of Ukraine within the framework of the international project RITA – "Changes in the region". Material and methods. To solve the set goal of the study, the methods of the theoretical level of research were used: analysis, comparison, induction, deduction, systematization and generalization of scientific and methodological literature on the problem of self-examination of the mammary glands in women. Results and discussion. The project aims to transfer the Polish experience in the early diagnosis of breast cancer among women through self-examination. Early detection of cancer significantly increases a woman's chances of successful treatment. Awareness of breast cancer risk factors and the acquisition of breast self-examination skills among teachers will provide a chance for early detection of breast cancer, reducing treatment costs and mortality from the disease. The acquisition of special knowledge by teachers on self-examination will allow disseminating useful information among female students of different courses and involving them in promoting early detection of breast cancer among the general female population. Breast cancer self-diagnosis training for 450 teachers and 500 university students from 5 regions of Ukraine, as well as the "Academic days of fighting breast cancer" will help popularize the problem of self-diagnosis among women. The project will raise women's awareness of breast cancer, create a culture of disease prevention through self-observation and self-examination, and remove existing cultural barriers to the acceptance of their body, as well as fear of pain during screening. Conclusion. Conducting educational lectures and practical exercises on the formation of breast self-examination skills within the framework of the international project RITA will contribute to raising women's awareness of breast cancer and the formation of a respectful attitude to their own health

In the MRISC study, women with an inherited risk for breast cancer were screened by a 6-month clinical breast examination (CBE) and yearly MRI and mammography. We found that the MRISC screening scheme could facilitate early breast cancer diagnosis and that MRI was a more sensitive screening method than mammography, but less specific. In the current study we investigated the contribution of MRI in the early detection of breast cancer in relation to tumor characteristics. From November 1999 to October 2003, 1909 women were included and 50 breast cancers were detected, of which 45 were evaluable and included in the current study. We compared the characteristics of tumors detected by MRI-only with those of all other (non-palpable) screen-detected tumors. Further, we compared the sensitivity of mammography and MRI within subgroups according to different tumor characteristics. Twenty-two (49%) of the 45 breast cancers were detected by MRI and not visible at mammography, of which 20 (44%) were also not palpable (MRI-only detected tumors). MRI-only detected tumors were more often node-negative than other screen-detected cancers (94 vs. 59%; P=0.02) and tended to be more often <or=1 cm (58 vs. 31%; P=0.11). MRI was more sensitive than mammography for a wide spectrum of invasive tumor characteristics i.e., size, nodal status, histology, grade and ER status. Half of the breast cancers detected in this study were visible by MRI only and these tumors were smaller and significantly more often node-negative than other screen-detected tumors, suggesting that MRI makes an important contribution to the early detection of hereditary breast cancer.

Background: Primary prevention and early detection of hereditary breast cancer has been one of the main topics of breast cancer research in recent decades. The knowledge of risk factors for breast cancer has been increasing continuously just like the recommendations for risk management. Pathogenic germline variants (mutations, class 4/5) of risk genes are significant susceptibility factors in healthy individuals. At the same time, germline mutations serve as biomarkers for targeted therapy in breast cancer treatment. Therefore, management of healthy mutation carriers to enable primary prevention is in the focus as much as the consideration of pathogenic germline variants for therapeutic decisions. Since 1996, the German Consortium has provided quality-assured care for counselees and patients with familial burden of breast and ovarian cancer. Summary: Currently, there are 23 university centers with over 100 cooperating DKG-certified breast and gynecological cancer centers. These centers provide standardized, evidence-based, and knowledge-generating care, which includes aspects of primary as well as secondary and tertiary prevention. An important aspect of quality assurance and development was the inclusion of the HBOC centers in the certification system of the German Cancer Society (GCS). Since 2020, the centers have been regularly audited and their quality standards continuously reviewed according to quality indicators adapted to the current state of research. The standard of care at GC-HBOC’ centers involves the evaluation as well as evolution of various aspects of care like inclusion criteria, identification of new risk genes, management of variants of unknown significance (class 3), evaluation of risk-reducing options, intensified surveillance, and communication of risks. Among these, the possibility of intensified surveillance in the GC-HBOC for early detection of breast cancer is an important component of individual risk management for many counselees. As has been shown in recent years, in carriers of pathogenic variants in high-risk genes, this approach enables the detection of breast cancer at very early, more favorable stages although no reduction of mortality has been demonstrated yet. The key component of the intensified surveillance is annual contrast-enhanced breast MRI, supplemented by up to biannual breast ultrasound and mammography usually starting at age 40. Key Messages: Apart from early detection, the central goal of care is the prevention of cancer. By utilizing individualized risk calculation, the optimal timeframe for risk-reducing surgery can be estimated, and counselees can be supported in reaching preference-sensitive decisions.

Back ground: Screening for Early Detection of Breast Cancer remains the primary way to prevent the development of life-threatening breast cancer that are detected non-palpable more treatable and thus are associated with more favorable prognosis. The aim of the study: to assess women’s perception regarding screening for early detection of breast cancer. Research Design: Descriptive approach was used in this study. Setting: The study was conducted in Nasser institute (women health unit) that is a new unit for women health which has many activities including screening for breast cancer. Sample: convenient sample consist of 150 women from the previous mentioned setting. Tools: 2 tools used the first tool structured interviewing questionnaire used to assess general characteristics, history of breast health problem and screening and early detection of breast cancer. Second tool health belief model used to assess women knowledge and attitude regarding screening for early detection of breast cancer. Result: there was more than one third of studied women had good knowledge and nearly half of them had positive attitude regarding screening for early detection of breast cancer. Positive correlation between total knowledge of the studied women and their total attitude. Conclusion: the present study was concluded that more than one third of women had good knowledge regarding screening for early detection of breast cancer. Nearly half of them have positive attitude regarding screening for early detection of breast cancer. More ever it was positive correlation between their total knowledge and total attitude regarding screening for early detection of breast cancer. Recommendation: add Educational program to educate women in primary health care setting / hospital about new screening and its importance procedure for breast cancer screening through work shop / booklet. Further study: Barriers for practice of screening of breast cancer among high risk groups.

Background: Early detection of breast cancer is crucial for optimal patient outcomes but cannot always be accomplished based on symptoms or screening mammography. Biomarker-based screening could aid early detection of breast cancer by improving sensitivity and specificity. Exai Bio has developed a novel liquid biopsy technology that detects and analyzes small non-coding RNAs that are cancer specific, termed orphan non-coding RNAs (oncRNAs). Previous work in patients with diagnosed breast cancer demonstrated that changes in oncRNAs in serum reflected treatment response and event-free survival. In this study, we developed an assay that measures oncRNAs in serum to detect breast cancer across the range of tumor stages and sizes. Methods: Previously, a library of ~260,000 oncRNAs from 32 different cancers was compiled based on smRNA sequences found in tumor tissues and largely absent in tumor-adjacent normal tissues from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). To refine this library for applications in serum, we sequenced smRNA in 31 control serum samples. These smRNA sequences were filtered from the larger library, reducing its size to 250,332 oncRNAs. The diagnostic performance of these oncRNAs was then assessed in an independent cohort of archived serum samples from 96 female patients with clinically diagnosed, untreated breast cancer and 95 age- and sex-matched individuals with no known history of cancer. We sequenced smRNAs at an average depth of 17.7 million 50-bp single-end reads per sample. Of the 250,332 oncRNAs in our library, 171,981 (68.7%) were detected in our independent study cohort. An ensemble of logistic regression models was trained with 5-fold cross-validation, using only those oncRNAs yielding an odds ratio &amp;gt;1 and observed in &amp;gt;6% of samples within each training set. Results: The cohort of 96 breast cancer patients and 95 matched controls had mean ages of 59.4 and 56.3 years, respectively. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for detecting breast cancer was 0.94 (95% CI, 0.85–0.96). Sensitivities for detecting breast cancer at 95% specificity ranged from 0.75 to 0.87 among the four breast cancer stages, including a sensitivity of 0.81 for tumor stage I (Table 1); and from 0.67 to 0.87 among the four main TNM T categories (Table 2). Sensitivities at 95% specificity were relatively high for small tumors, at 0.75 (95% CI, 0.40–0.97) for T1b (&amp;gt;5mm to ≤10mm; n = 9) and 0.80 (0.68–0.94) for T1c (&amp;gt;10mm to ≤20mm; n = 37). Conclusions We have demonstrated the potential value of an oncRNA-based liquid biopsy assay by showing that oncRNAs can be used to detect breast cancer in serum samples with high sensitivity, and that detection requires fewer reads than are needed with other platforms. Moreover, we found that this oncRNA-based assay performed well in detecting early-stage breast cancer and small tumors. This suggests that an oncRNA-based liquid biopsy assay may be beneficial for early detection of breast cancer. Table 1. Model sensitivity by tumor stage. For the indicated numbers of cases (N), sensitivity and Pearson-Clopper 95% confidence intervals are reported for tumor detection by the oncRNA-based model at 95% specificity by tumor stage, as defined by the AJCC 7th Edition breast cancer staging system. Table 2. Model sensitivity by tumor size. For the indicated numbers of cases (N), sensitivity and Pearson-Clopper 95% confidence intervals are reported for tumor detection by the oncRNA-based model at 95% specificity by TNM T category, as defined by the AJCC 7th Edition breast cancer staging system. Citation Format: Taylor B. Cavazos, Jeffrey Wang, Oluwadamilare I. Afolabi, Alice Huang, Dung Ngoc Lam, Seda Kilinc, Jieyang Wang, Lisa Fish, Xuan Zhao, Andy Pohl, Helen Li, Kimberly H. Chau, Patrick A. Arensdorf, Fereydoun Hormozdiari, Hani Goodarzi, Babak Alipanahi. Orphan non-coding RNAs for early detection of breast cancer with liquid biopsy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-05-18.

Introduction: Breast cancer is still a burden by being the most frequent malignancy and the highest cause of cancer death in women. The death rate from breast cancer can be reduced by early case finding and appropriate immediate treatment. Early case finding can be started with a simple periodic examination that can be carried out by each individual independently, namely by breast self-examination. This study aims to determine the effect of education on early detection and screening of breast cancer on the level of knowledge among women in Gandul village, Madiun district. Methods: This study involved 101 participants aged from 25 to 87 years old, including female residents of Gandul village and cadres of public health center. We conduct health education about breast cancer and early detection of breast cancer, especially regarding breast self-examination. Pre-test and post-test were also conducted to assess the the knowledge of the participants before and after the seminar held. Results: The pre-test score of participants with low scores (&lt;75) was 78.21% (79 people) and decreased in the post-test to 43.56% (44 people), while participants with high scores (&gt;75) were only 21.78% (22 people) in the pre-test and increased to 56.44% (57 people) in the post-test. Conclusion: There is a knowledge improvement about the early detection of breast cancer among participants after the intervention. The knowledge improvement can be seen through the increased score from pre-test to post-test.

Introduction: According to the National Cancer Institute José Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA), the estimates for each year of the 2020–2022 triennium are 625,000 new cases of malignant neoplasms, with breast cancer being the most incident in women and responsible for 7% of deaths worldwide. Therefore, understanding the landscape of breast cancer in Santa Catarina will provide valuable information for planning and implementing more effective and targeted health policies. Methodology: The study is based on multiple sources, including reports from INCA, the Global Cancer Observatory, the Ministry of Health, the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, and the World Health Organization. It also considers the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on screening and early detection of breast cancer. The role of national health programs, such as the National Breast Cancer Control Program, and the use of information systems like the National Cancer Information System and the Breast Cancer Control Program Information System are emphasized. Conclusion: In summary, this descriptive, ecological, and retrospective study analyzed the landscape of breast cancer in Santa Catarina from 2019 to 2023. The results highlight the importance of mammography, consultations with mastologists, and cytology and histology exams for early detection and proper treatment of breast cancer. Additionally, there is a need for health policies that encourage screening and ensure equitable access to health services across all age groups. It is crucial to adopt measures to mitigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on health service utilization, ensuring that early detection and treatment of breast cancer are not compromised, thereby preventing more women from dying from the disease..

Introduction: Globally, Breast cancer is the fifth main cause of cancer mortality, with 6, 85,000 deaths. The prime reason for the rise in mortality rate is the failure of early detection of the disease and absence of early detection programs. The barriers to early detection of breast cancer are multifactorial. According to various other studies conducted in India, the most important barriers are fear of cancer and lack of knowledge about the disease. Objectives: The aim of this study is to identify the barriers and facilitators for early detection of breast cancer among women in Thirumazhisai area. This study has not been conducted in Thirumazhisai area before hence the results of this study will help us understand the factors influencing the early detection of breast cancer among women in Thirumazhisai area. Methods and Material: A qualitative study was done among women of reproductive age (15-49) group in Thirumazhisai area. In depth interviews were conducted by using a topic guide. The interviews were then translated to English from Tamil to the closest verbatim as spoken by the participants. The data is then coded in excel sheet and analyzed by using Colazzi Thematic Analysis. The codes are then classified into various themes and subthemes. Results: Data was collected from 15 participants. The results showed lack of awareness, fear of diagnosis, financial constraints, shyness, negligence, myths and misconceptions about the disease as the major barriers for early detection of breast cancer. Facilitating factors mentioned by the participants included awareness creation, family support and policy changes like free of cost treatment. Conclusions: This study demonstrated lack of awareness, fear of diagnosis, financial constraints, shyness, negligence as the major barriers to early detection of breast cancer. Hence measures like conducting screening programmes and awareness programmes, free of cost treatment, and BSE should be done to increase the early detection of breast cancer.

Background: The existence of Higher Education has three main tasks, namely carrying out education and teaching, research, and community service. These three things constitute the Tridharma of Higher Education. In Indonesia, breast cancer is the second most common cancer suffered by women after oral/cervical cancer. Breast cancer generally attacks women who are over 40 years old. However, young women can get this cancer. To find early symptoms of breast cancer can be detected early by women themselves. Women can routinely perform the Breast Self-Examination (BSE) method by massaging and feeling around their breasts to find out whether or not there are lumps around the breasts. BSE is an effective way to detect breast cancer as early as possible.&#x0D; Objective: Carry out community service by conducting activities to teach breast self-examination (BSE) to young women.&#x0D; Method: This community service activity consists of counseling related to information on early detection of breast cancer and followed by a demonstration of breast self-examination (BSE) using the Breast Phantom tool.&#x0D; Result: Counseling and early detection of breast cancer was attended by 45 students of Madrasah Aliyah. Most students do not know about early detection of breast cancer and how to check BSE. After being given information about BSE, adolescents felt satisfied and committed to be able to carry out early detection of breast cancer.&#x0D; Conclusion: Community service activities have been carried out regarding information on early detection of breast cancer in young women.

The present study was conducted to assess the awareness and practice regarding early detection and prevention of breast and cervical cancers among women of kudumbashree units. A quantitative approach and non experimental descriptive design was used for the study. The study was theoretically supported by Nola J Pender's revised health promotion model. A total of 504 women of kudumbashree units were selected using multistage sampling technique. The data was collected using socio personal data sheet, structured questionnaire to measure the awareness and a rating scale to rate the practice regarding early detection and prevention of breast and cervical cancers, all developed by the researcher. The data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings of the study revealed that 81.9% of women of kudumbashree units had average awareness and 59.5% of women of kudumbashree units had good practice. There was no significant correlation between awareness and practice among women of kudumbashree units regarding early detection and prevention of breast and cervical cancers. The selected variables namely education of women of kudumbashree units, occupation of women of kudumbashree units and previous exposure to information regarding breast or cervical cancers had association with awareness regarding early detection and prevention of breast and cervical cancers. Also, there is no association between practice regarding early detection and prevention of breast and cervical cancers and any of the selected variables. An information booklet was prepared on early detection and prevention of breast and cervical cancers and distributed to all study participants.