Abstract
Abstract The monophyletic Proceratophrys bigibbosa species group has a stable taxonomic history. Despite the increasing number of Proceratophrys described in the last decades, the P. bigibbosa group, for a long time, has consisted of four species distributed in south of South America; except for P. palustris that occurs in southeastern Brazil. Herein, based on concordant evidence of morphology and mtDNA barcoding, we describe a new species of Proceratophrys for specimens assigned to the P. bigibbosa group collected in Tibagi municipality, Paraná state, Brazil. The new species is diagnosed by its small size, snout rounded in dorsal view, palpebral ridge with small and rounded tubercles, small postocular swellings, presence of a line of small and round tubercles on dorso-lateral region of body, and dorsal region covered by small, sparse, and rounded tubercles. We also highlight the potential occurrence of the new species in other areas along the Campos Gerais of Paraná, given the strong association of the species with this vegetational formation in South Brazil.
Highlights
The knowledge on the systematics and phylogenetic relationship among species in the genus Proceratophrys have rapidly increased in the last decades (Dias et al 2013; Mângia et al 2018, 2020; Magalhães et al 2020)
Proceratophrys kaingang sp. nov. is the fifth species of the P. bigibbosa species group
The geographical distribution of P. bigibbosa species group is similar to those reported for the genus Julianus that include a disjunct gap of J. pinima, i.e., a northern relictual distribution associated to rock outcrops of the Espinhaço Mountain Range of Minas Gerais state, and a southern distribution along the highland grasslands of Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul states (Baldo et al 2019)
Summary
The knowledge on the systematics and phylogenetic relationship among species in the genus Proceratophrys have rapidly increased in the last decades (Dias et al 2013; Mângia et al 2018, 2020; Magalhães et al 2020). The traditional morphological groups of Proceratophrys still lacks phylogenetic support. The P. bigibbosa group has been recovered as monophyletic with high support, P. palustris still lacks DNA information and is placed in this group based on putative morphology basis. The P. bigibbosa species group (revised 20 years ago by Kwet and Faivovich 2001) has a stable taxonomic history Species within this group are mainly diagnosed by the presence of post ocular swellings and being distributed in southern of South America, except for P. palustris which is only known from its type locality in Poços de Caldas Plateau, south of Minas Gerais state, southeastern Brazil (Giaretta and Sazima 1993; Kwet and Faivovich 2001; Caldart et al 2010). We describe the population from Tibagi as a new taxon
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