Abstract
This paper provides the first description of a Hedysarum species (Hedysarum costaetalentii sp. nov.) of the section Subacaulia (Boiss.) B. Fedtsch discovered in the Western Mediterranean mountains. This section is considered endemic to the northeastern Mediterranean zone. The discovery of this new species significantly enlarges its area of distribution. H. costaetalentii sp. nov. is a rare plant endemic in the upper part (1900–2100 m) of the Sierra de la Grillimona (Granada, Spain). It grows among the cushion-shaped scrubs (dominated by Velia spinosa Boiss.) and dwarf grasses, such as Festuca hystrix Boiss. And F. hackelii K. Rieht. H. costaetalentii is closely related to H. erythroleucon Boiss. The first species is endemic to S. Spain, the second, to S. and SE. Anatolia. This is a southeastern vicariance recalling other pairs of taxa such as Viola delphinanta-V. cazorlensis, Crataegus orientalis-C. presliana, Lonicera nummulariifolia-L. arborea, etc., and suggesting the ancient origin of this new species.
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