A new species of Begonia (Begoniaceae) from South Sulawesi, Indonesia.

Background: VISION 2020 as the global initiative program almost reaches the time limit. Every country in all over the world ran their programs in eye care services based on the strategic components of VISION 2020 including in Indonesia since the government declared it in 1999. The aim of this study is to report whether the condition in South Sulawesi as one of the province in east Indonesia sufficient to meet VISION 2020 target.Methods: This is a descriptive study with the qualitative and quantitative approach. Data were collected by interviewing and distributing semi-structured questionnaire to all stakeholders involved in eye care services in South Sulawesi, including ophthalmologists, ophthalmic nurses, Indonesian Ophthalmologists Association committee, provincial and district health office staffs.Results: South Sulawesi has population of 8,324,000, consists of 24 districts/city, 33 hospitals and 440primary health care (Puskesmas). Human resource data showed 67 ophthalmologists including subspecialists, 17 trained ophthalmic nurses, 6 refractionists, 3 optometrists, 1 orthoptist, and 3 counselours. Total number of cataract surgery in 2015 are 15,075 eyes. Complete data for refractive error screening and examination, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and corneal diseases are not available. Some advocacies and workshops had been held. Supported from government and NGO took role in building capacity for the services.Conclusion:According to VISION 2020 program, eye care services in our province is not yet ideal; but the process to build capacity, especially for 5 main focus eye disease, is still on the track. Keywords: VISION 2020, eye care services, cataract surgery, human resource, advocacy

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2). Severe cases of COVID-19 can lead to pneumonia, acute respiratory syndrome, kidney failure and death. The first case was reported in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, on March 11, 2020, WHO declared COVID-19 as pandemic. WHO recommends RT-PCR examinations for all patients suspected were infected with COVID-19 and becomes the gold standard for COVID-19 diagnostic tests in Indonesia. To get an overview of the role of PCR examinations in diagnosing COVID-19 patients in South Sulawesi. This research is a descriptive study by taking data on PCR COVID-19 results from laboratory networks in South Sulawesi from May - July 2020. During May - July 2020, the total number of PCR examinations from the seven network laboratories in South Sulawesi was 143,518. in BBLK, there were 59591 samples, then Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital 14140 and Microbiology Laboratory of Unhas Hospital 20734l. The postponement of PCR examinations occurred in June and July. In June, BBLK Makassar reported 1698 investigations, BBVET Maros 175, BPOM Makassar 161. In July, BTKL Makassar reported 309 PCR examinations and 112 Soppeng Healthcare Lab. PCR examination is the gold standard for diagnosing COVID-19.

Matano Ricefish (Oryzias matanensis Aurich, 1935) is an endemic freshwater fish with economic value. This study aims at determining the sex ratio and first maturity size of Matano ricefish. The study was conducted from November 2017 to October 2018 in Lake Towuti, South Sulawesi. Sample was held analysis the Fisheries Biology Laboratory, Department of Fisheries, Hasanuddin University. Total number of fish obtained during the study was 880 individu, consist of 410 male fish and 470 female fish. Sex ratio was analyzed with the chi-square test, while the average size at first gonad maturity was estimated using the Spearman-Karber method. The results showed that the sex ratio of male and female medaka ricefish was 1.00: 1.15, while size at first maturity of male gonad was 36.46 mm, and the female was 34.37 mm.

The study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of botanical fungicide formulations of cacao pod husk (Theobroma cacao L.) on the intensity of fusarium wilt in tomato plants. The research was carried out at the Biology Experimental Laboratory in Universitas Negeri Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The study design used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with six treatments, namely KSH (control of health treatment without treatment), KSK (control of sick plants treated F. oxysporum f.sp licopersicy), BSTR (benomyl + treatment of F. oxysporum f.sp licopersicy). EKBK (treatment of cacao pod husk extract + treatment of F. oxysporum f.sp licopersicy). The EKBK treatment used cacao pod husk extract with 3 types of concentration, namely: 2% (v/v); 5% (v/v); and 8% (v/v). Each treatment consisted of 10 replications so that the total number was 60 experiment units. Observations included the number of yellowing and deciduous leaves due to the Fusarium oxysporum attack on tomato plants. The results showed that botanical fungicides from cacao pod husk extract were able to reduce the intensity of fusarium wilt attacks. At a concentration of 2% (v/v) tomato plants that were attacked by fusarium wilt by 54%; concentration of 5% (v/v) of tomato plants attacked by fusarium wilt at 34.5%; and a concentration of 8% (v/v) of tomato plants attacked by fusarium wilt at 23.8%. The results obtained showed that the intensity of the attacks that occurred in the use of botanical fungicides from cacao pod husk extract was lower than the use of synthetic fungicides (benomyl) which was equal to 39.0%.

The purpose of the research is to study the role of soil surface arthropods in spinach plantation. The experimental research was held in Moncobalang village, Gowa district, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The findings of the research were showed the highest order is: Coleoptera (Coccinellidae) (-0.35) similar to Diptera (Tachinidae), Hymenoptera (Vespidae) (-0.28). Arachnida as a potential predator such as Lycosidae and Pholcidae (-0.20) and (-0.15), respectively. The total number from collected arthropods in a yellow trap about 131 individuals. In the future, the result of research is very useful information for management potential soil surface arthropods in improving the quality of spinach harvest and monitoring the presence of insect pest based environmentally friendly methods.

Duck is one of the commodities that contribute to the national livestock production and Central Java is home to the fourth biggest duck population after West Java, South Sulawesi and East Java. The 2019 egg production in Central Java was 36.174 tons or 11.3% of the total egg production nationwide. Accordingly, it is important to investigate the effect of environmental factor, total number and age of ducks on egg production in Central Java. Specifically, this study aimed to observe the effect of region on egg production and feed conversion ratio (FCR) and the total livestock (chicken), age (month), stocking density (ducks/m2), internal housing temperature (oC), and humidity (%) on Hen day production/HDP. A survey engaging purposive random sampling was conducted on the population of duck farming in Central Java especially Tegal, Pemalang and Brebes districts. The data were subjected to General Linear Model (GLM) and a regression-correlation analysis using an SPSS program. The result showed that region significantly affected hen day production (HDP) but did not affect FCR. Housing temperature affected HDP by 14.9% and the higher the temperature, the lower the HDP. Duck age affected HDP by 11.7%, and the older the ducks the lower the egg production. Duck population, stocking density and humidity did not significantly affect egg production. Conclusively, duck egg production (HDP) is significantly affected by temperature inside the housing and the duck age.

The use of natural enemies can reduce the application of insecticides which have a negative influence on ecosystems and human health. The objective of this study is to inventory the insitu of the natural enemies in corn crops that found in the experimental station of Indonesian Cereals Research Institute (Balitsereal) in Maros, South Sulawesi. The observation plot used three replications by taking a sample of 30 plants for each replication, with a total plant observation of 90 units per block. The number of natural enemy populations obtained was recorded by counting the number of natural enemies to find out the total average number of natural enemy populations contained in the observation plot. The results showed that there were 11 types of natural enemies in corn crops namely Harmonia octomaculata (lady beetle), Menochilus sexmaculatus (lady beetle), Ophionea nigrofasciata (Schmidt-Goebel) (ground beetle), Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter (plant bug), Panstenon nr. Collaris Boucek (wasp), Araneus inustus (orb spider), Cardiochiles philippinensis (wasp), Phanerotoma sp. (wasp), Pipunculus mutillatus (big-headed fly), Harpalus pensylvanicus and Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens). The existance of the above natural enemies will be very usefull in decreasing the pesticide application in the fields.

Background: Childhood cancer was about 3%-5% cases of all cases. Dharmais National Cancer Hospital was pointed out by Ministry of Health as National Quality Control of Cancer Burden Data in 2016. To provide national cancer burden data, Ministry of Health established 14 population based cancer registries in 2016, located in 14 provinces in Indonesia. The coverage area was 26 districts/municipalities in each selected provinces with total coverage number of population was 14% of Indonesia. Aim: This study was to describe quality data of 14 population based cancer registries in Indonesia and to describe the epidemiology of childhood cancer during 2008-2012. Methods: We used 14 population based cancer registries data that collected in Office of National Quality Control of Cancer Burden Data, Dharmais National Cancer Center, within age 0-19 years old during 2008-2012. We analyzed quality data of 14 population based cancer registries data based on WHO-IARC rules for cancer registry data. Results: There were 4156 cases. The average of percentage microscopic verification was 59%, 7 out of 7 provinces had lower percentage of microscopic verification. The highest was South Sulawesi (98%) followed by Central Java (92.9%), and East Borneo (79.4%). Most of them had over 25% of DCO. DKI Jakarta had the highest incidence age-standardized rate (7.1) followed by Bali (4.9) and North Sulawesi (4.8). The most frequent childhood cancer cases were in male (57%), between 10-14 years old. Both in male and female had similar rank of the most frequent cases, other malignant epithelial (22.4%: 17.2%), leukemia (19.3%: 14.3%), and other and unspecified malignant tumor (9.4%: 8.4%). Conclusion: The coverage and quality data of childhood cancer in 14 population based cancer registries data were low. Each population based cancer registries should improve the process of cancer registration.

Research about the micribiological analyze has been of some soys milk without brand marketed in Maros, South Sulawesi. The research to be compared with the requirements that have been determined by the director-general of the POM. The research conducted by determining the number plate total (ALT) bacteria, Total Plate Number (ALT) moulds as well as the presence of microbial pathogens in some soys milk without brand. The research methods using Standard Plate Count (SPC) to calculate the total amount of bacteria and mold, as wel as the identification method to determine the number of pathogenic bacteria. The results of this study indicating that the sample of C, E and H microbial has fulfilled the requirements of soy milk pathogenic bacteria test of Coliform (-), Salmonella sp (-), Staphylococcus aureus (-) and Bacillus cereus (-). Sample C, E and H has fulfilled the requiremqnts of ALT bacteria and sample C has fulfilled the requiremqnts of ALT moulds. But the E dan H sample have has not fulfilled the requirements.

Research about the micribiological analyze has been of some soys milk without brand marketed in Maros, South Sulawesi. The research to be compared with the requirements that have been determined by the director-general of the POM. The research conducted by determining the number plate total (ALT) bacteria, Total Plate Number (ALT) moulds as well as the presence of microbial pathogens in some soys milk without brand. The research methods using Standard Plate Count (SPC) to calculate the total amount of bacteria and mold, as wel as the identification method to determine the number of pathogenic bacteria. The results of this study indicating that the sample of C, E and H microbial has fulfilled the requirements of soy milk pathogenic bacteria test of Coliform (-), Salmonella sp (-), Staphylococcus aureus (-) and Bacillus cereus (-). Sample C, E and H has fulfilled the requiremqnts of ALT bacteria and sample C has fulfilled the requiremqnts of ALT moulds. But the E dan H sample have has not fulfilled the requirements.

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a staple food for most of world population and has a good prospect considering the great potential of land to be planted with this plant species which contains carbohydrate of 70% and protein of 3%. The development of this commodity was started from agricultural extensification and production increase through the implementation of cropping system. This study was aimed to provide information on suitable cropping system for wheat cultivation and to examine the effect of cropping system on the increase in wheat production in medium land of Palopo City. This study was conducted in farmer land in Kambo Village, Mungkajang Subdistrict of Palopo City, South Sulawesi at elevation of ± 600 m asl from June until September 2017. This research uses two factor factorial in randomized block design. The first factor consisted of two cropping systems, namely line up system (S1) and Hazton system (S2). While, the second factor included two varieties, namely Guri 4 variety (V1) and Guri 6 variety (V2). Study result for vegetative phase showed that the best plant height was obtained using line up cropping system in Guri 4 variety (S1V1) with average of 73.91 cm. Implementation of Hazton cropping system in Guri 4 variety (S2V1) resulted in the best flag leaf area with average of 40.23 cm2. Hazton cropping system implementation in Guri 6 variety (V2S2) indicated the best green color with average value of 11.00 unit. Furthermore, application of line up cropping system (S1) produced the best total tiller number with average of 18.22 tillers. Therefore, it is concluded that the use of Hazton cropping system was able to increase the wheat production and Guri 4 Variety is expected to adapt to grow in the medium land of Palopo City

Abstract. The purpose of this research was to know the effectiveness of pictures in writing class of senior high school students. It employed a quantitative method using the quasi-experimental design. The subject of the research was the third year students of on senior high school in Sidrap Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The total number of population is 100 students which are distributed in 5 classes. Each class consists of 20 students. The sampling technique used in this research is cluster random sampling. The instrument was a writing test to obtain data on the students’ writing achievement through the pictures. Based on the result the researcher concluded that the pictures enhance the writing skill of senior high schools’ students.

Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis is a directly infectious disease caused by Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis). In Indonesia, Pulmonary Tuberculosis has been a significant public health problem with the number of sufferers, around 10% of the total number of people. Based on data from the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2017 that 10 million people fall ill with TB, and Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide. Objective: This study aims to assess the knowledge and attitudes of the community about pulmonary tuberculosis in the working area. Method: This study used an observational cross-sectional research design to find out the description of people's knowledge and attitudes about Tuberculosis and conducted in the working area of Salotungo Health Center, Malaka Health Center, and Panincong Health Center, Soppeng District, South Sulawesi. Primary data was obtained through 110 respondents by filling out questionnaires and giving responses by answering questions about knowledge and attitudes about efforts to prevent transmission of pulmonary TB disease. Result: Among all the respondents, it can be seen based on sociodemographic characteristics. Out of 110 respondents, most of them are female as many as 67 respondents, while men are 43 respondents. An overview of the features of respondents from this study also shows where they got information about pulmonary TB. Respondents consider the environment to be wrong, and the factor of malnutrition is not something that can aggravate the patient's condition. It showedthat the respondent's correct answers, below 50%, respectively. Conclusion: Useful knowledge is expected to prevent and cope with pulmonary TB disease. The higher the education then it will contribute to shaping good attitudes and behavior

Katokkon chili is local horticultural commodity originating from Toraja and is often called katokkon pepper. This chili has good adaptation with a fairly high yield. The people of Toraja and the surrounding area really like this type of chili because it has one of the advantages of a production period that is not too long, around 3-4 months after transplanting. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving a dose of gamma ray irradiation on the genetic parameters of katokkon chili plants. The use of this research as a basis for developing and improving genetics in breeding katokkon chili plants eith a dose of gamma irradiation. The implementation of the research was carried out at BTP. Tamalanrea, Tamalanrea District, Makassar City, South Sulawesi and the Integrated Farming System Education Garden, on Jl. Raya Poros Sappaya, Bontoramba Village, Pallangga District, Gowa Regency, from March to July 2023. The plants came from the control treatment (D0) and 200 Gray (D1) consisted of 3 replicates for each treatment and each experiment consisted of 15 plants, so that the total number of plants in this study was 90 plants. The research was carried out in the form of a randomized block design (RBD) with a dose of gamma irradiation as the main factor. The results showed that gamma irradiation at doses of 200 Gray could have a genetic effect compared to D0 on flowering age, number of fruit planted, fruit diameter, fruit weight, fruit stalk diameter, fruit length and fruit flesh thickness.

Despite the increasing consumption of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.) in Indonesia, its yield capacity is lower than its demand. However, establishing high-yielding tomato varieties can overcome this. Strain in F2 populations is the first step in assembling high-yielding tomato genotypes through systematic selection, one through using a selection index. The latest study aimed to identify the genetic diversity and the effectiveness of the selection index for high-yielding F2 tomato population selection. The research took place from September to December 2021 at the Faculty of Agriculture Experimental Field, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The study used an augmented design consisting of four blocks with complete randomization. Nine experimental units were used in this study, consisting of three F2 lines plotted into four blocks with no repetition and three cultivars that repeated in each block as genotype check. The study of 15 growth parameters used analysis of variance, correlation, and path analysis. Results revealed that the selection index proved efficient in selecting the F2 generation of tomato strain populations. Almost all the characters have the highest genetic diversity and showed potential for selection criteria usage. The total number of fruits (0.52), fruit diameter (0.32), and fruit weight (0.29) showed a direct influence on yield, and can serve as selection criteria for yield. The selection criteria were formulated into a selection index, producing 75 tomato strains potentially suitable as families in the F3 generation.