Abstract
ABSTRACT The cis-Andean genus Aphanotorulus was recently revised and comprises six valid species: A. ammophilus, A. emarginatus, A. gomesi, A. horridus, A. phrixosoma and A. unicolor. Herein, a new species is described from tributaries of the rio Aripuanã basin, in Amazonas and Mato Grosso states, Brazil. The new species is easily distinguished from congeners by its color pattern: caudal fin with upper lobe mostly hyaline with dark spots along rays and membranes, and lower lobe red and without dark spots; and absence of dark spots in the lateral series of mid-ventral plates.
Highlights
The genus Aphanotorulus Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1983 is distinguished from most hypostomines by an elongate body with a cream-colored background completely covered by round or elongate dark spots
Aphanotorulus was originally distinguished from the genus Hypostomus by the presence of numerous buccal papillae on the oral cavity; short body up to 150 mm Standard length (SL); elongate hypobranchials; and sex-related hypertrophied odontodes over the entire body surface (Armbruster, Page, 1996)
The new species has a distinct coloration from all congeners
Summary
The genus Aphanotorulus Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1983 is distinguished from most hypostomines by an elongate body with a cream-colored background completely covered by round or elongate dark spots. The caudal fin is large and, in some species, strongly forked. Representatives of this genus, formerly known as the Hypostomus emarginatus group, have a convoluted taxonomic history during which a variety of nomenclatural arrangements have been proposed (see Ray, Armbruster, 2016 for a brief review). Two other genera have been proposed to accommodate these elongate-bodied and light-colored hypostomines: Squaliforma Isbrücker & Michels, 2001 comprising of Squaliforma annae (Steindachner, 1881), S. biseriata (Cope, 1872), S. emarginata (Valenciennes, 1840), S. gomesi (Fowler, 1941), S. horrida (Kner, 1854), S. phrixosoma (Fowler, 1940), S. scopularia (Cope, 1871), S. squalina (Jardine, 1841), S. tenuis (Boeseman, 1968), S. tenuicauda (Steindachner, 1878), S. villarsi (Lutken, 1874) and S. virescens (Cope, 1874) (Weber, 2003; Ferraris, 2007) and Isorineloricaria Isbrücker, 1980, with one very elongate trans-andean representative, Isorineloricaria spinosissima (Steindachner, 1880)
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