Abstract
Background: Although the safety of operations has generally improved due to major advances in surgical techniques and perioperative management, the mortality of major surgery for advanced gallbladder carcinoma remains high in comparison with that of other gastrointestinal surgery. However, outcomes of patients with advanced gallbladder carcinoma requiring major surgery are dismal. If prognostic factors affecting long-term survival could be identified, pointless surgery for advanced gallbladder carcinoma could be avoided.
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