A new precise mass for the progenitor of the Type IIP SN 2008bk★†‡

Abstract

The progenitor of the Type IIP SN 2008bk was discovered in pre-explosion g'r'i'IYJHKs images, acquired with European Southern Observatory Very Large Telescope FORS, HAWK-I and ISAAC instruments and the Gemini GMOS-S instrument. The wealth of pre-explosion observations makes the progenitor of this SN one of the best studied, since the detection of the progenitor of SN1987A. Previous analyses of the properties of the progenitor were hampered by the limited quality of the photometric calibration of the pre-explosion images and the crowded nature of the field containing the SN. We present new late-time observations of the site of SN2008bk acquired with identical instrument and filter configurations as the pre-explosion observations, and confirm that the previously identified red supergiant star was the progenitor of this SN and has now disappeared. Image subtraction techniques were used to conduct precise photometry of the now missing progenitor, independently of blending from any nearby stars. The nature of the surrounding stellar population and their contribution to the flux attributed to the progenitor in the pre-explosion images are probed using HST WFC3 UVIS/IR observations. In comparison with MARCS synthetic spectra, we find the progenitor was a highly reddened RSG with luminosity log (L/Lsun)=4.84+/-0.11, corresponding to an initial mass of Minit=12.9+/-1.7Msun. The temperature of the progenitor was hotter than previously expected for RSGs (T ~ 4330K), but consistent with new temperatures derived for RSGs using SED fitting techniques. We show that there is evidence for significant extinction of the progenitor, possibly arising in the CSM; but that this dust yields a similar reddening law to dust found in the ISM (E(B-V)=0.77 with Rv=3.1). [Abridged]