Abstract
Using the continuous Dst data available since 1957 and H component data for the Carrington space weather event of 1859, the paper shows that the mean value of Dst during the main phase of geomagnetic storms, called mean DstMP, is a unique parameter that can indicate the severity of space weather. All storms having high mean DstMP (≤−250 nT), which corresponds to high amount of energy input in the magnetosphere–ionosphere system in short duration, are found associated with severe space weather events that caused all known electric power outages and telegraph system failures.
Highlights
Geomagnetic storms are disturbances in earth’s magnetic field produced by enhanced solar wind–magnetosphere coupling and ionosphere–magnetosphere plasma coupling (e.g., Svalgaard 1977; Gonzalez et al.1994)
In this paper, using all the disturbance storm time (Dst) data available since 1957 and H component data during the Carrington event of 1859, we confirm that the mean DstMP is a unique parameter that can indicate the serenity of space weather
For storms with positive initial phase, it is the negative of the sum of the magnitudes of Dst from main phase onsets (MPOs) to DstMin
Summary
Geomagnetic storms are disturbances in earth’s magnetic field produced by enhanced solar wind–magnetosphere coupling and ionosphere–magnetosphere plasma coupling (e.g., Svalgaard 1977; Gonzalez et al.1994). Recently by analyzing the Dst data since 1998, we (Balan et al 2014) showed that DstMin is an insufficient indicator, and the mean value of Dst during the main phase (MP) of the storms (mean DstMP) can indicate the severity of space weather in causing damages to technological systems such as electric power grids and telegraph systems. In this paper, using all the Dst data available since 1957 and H component data during the Carrington event of 1859, we confirm that the mean DstMP is a unique parameter that can indicate the serenity of space weather.
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