Abstract
Tunnel face instability and the potential surface settlement are the most hazardous factors that should be considered in all tunneling methods applied in urban areas. There are several published relationships concerned with field measurements and analytical solutions to estimate the amount of the required face support pressure value due to tunneling. The first purpose of this study is to determine the effective parameters such as geotechnical factors (cohesion, internal friction angle, density, Young’s modulus, and Poisson’s ratio), and engineering factors (tunnel depth and tunnel diameter) on the required face support pressure value. In this study, three metro project constructions, namely Tabriz, Istanbul, and Mashhad, were chosen in the Middle East. The main aim of this study is to present better equations for estimating the required face support pressure based on actual data sets from several tunnel projects and numerical modeling. The results from the new estimation equation are compared with the results of empirical and field observations. The required face support pressure values obtained from the new equation have good agreement with the actual results for three different metro case studies.
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