Abstract
Three types of glue based on thiol-ene reaction, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/cellulose, and phenol formaldehyde were prepared and applied on modified ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) samples grafted by cellulose. In comparison with unmodified UHMWPE samples, T-peel tests on the modified and grafted UHMWPE films showed an increase in the peel strength values for the glues based on thiol-ene reaction, PVA/cellulose, and phenol formaldehyde by 40, 29, and 41 times, respectively. The maximum peel strength value of 0.62 Kg/cm was obtained for the glue based on phenol formaldehyde. Mechanical tests for the cylindrical multi-UHMWPE forms samples, made of porous UHMWPE as a trabecular layer and an armored layer (cortical layer) that consists of bulk and UHMWPE films, indicated an improvement in the mechanical properties of these samples for all glue types, as a result of the UHMWPE films existence and the increase in the number of their layers. The maximum compressive yield strength and compressive modulus values for the armored layer (bulk and six layers of the UHMWPE films using the glue based on thiol-ene reaction) were 44.1 MPa (an increase of 17%) and 1130 MPa (an increase of 36%), respectively, in comparison with one armored layer of bulk UHMWPE. A hemocompatibility test carried out on these glues clarified that the modified UHMWPE grafted by cellulose with glues based on PVA/cellulose and thiol-ene reaction were classified as biocompatible materials. These multi-UHMWPE forms composites can be considered a promising development for joint reconstruction.
Highlights
Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), which has a molecular weight more than106 g/mol, has been a widely used polymer in recent decades
The peel strength values were increased for the glue based on the thiol-ene reaction, the glue based on Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/cellulose, and the glue based on phenol formaldehyde by 40, 29, and 41 times, respectively
Three types of glue based on thiol-ene reaction, PVA/Cellulose and phenol formaldehyde were prepared on modified films grafted by cellulose.and
Summary
Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), which has a molecular weight more than106 g/mol, has been a widely used polymer in recent decades. Especially the alloy of Ti-6Al-4V, are considered the most used materials for implants These metallic alloys should have mechanical properties close to those of the natural bones. The modulus values of the first generation of orthopaedic α β titanium alloys Ti-6Al-4V, the second generation of the β Ti-alloy and SUS 316 L stainless steel are 110, 80, and 200 GPa, respectively [4] These Young’s modulus values are considered very high in comparison with those of the natural bone, which has to be in the range of 6–30 GPa. These Young’s modulus values are considered very high in comparison with those of the natural bone, which has to be in the range of 6–30 GPa These orthopaedic implants based on metallic alloys may have deleterious biological effects over the long term [5]. Researches showed that the ions and particles of titanium can accumulate in the surrounding tissues and lead to toxic reactions in these tissues [6]
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