A network pharmacology approach-based decoding of Resveratrol's anti-fibrotic mechanisms

Abstract

BackgroundInhalation of crystalline silica (CS) frequently leads to chronic lung inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis (PF), a condition with limited effective treatments. Resveratrol (Res) has demonstrated potential in PF treatment; however, its underlying mechanisms remain incompletely elucidated. PurposeThis study represents the first comprehensive attempt to uncover the novel mechanisms underlying Res's anti-fibrotic effects against PF through an innovative, integrated approach combining network pharmacology and experimental validation. MethodsWe employed network pharmacology to investigate the holistic pharmacological mechanism of Res, then validated the predicted pharmacological effects using in vivo and in vitro studies. ResultsIn total, 216 genes were identified to be simultaneously associated with PF and Res. An integrated bioinformatics analysis implicated a crucial role of the autophagy signaling pathway in dominating PF, with AMPK and mTOR showing high docking scores. Animal studies revealed that Res significantly alleviated silica-induced lung damage in silicotic mice, with decreased collagen I (Col-I) levels and reduced expression of vimentin and α-SMA. In-depth investigation demonstrated that Res modulated CS-dysregulated autophagy by targeting the AMPK/mTOR pathway. in vitro, Res treatment significantly reduced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), TNF-α, and TGF-β levels and improved cell viability of Raw264.7 cells post-CS exposure. Notably, Res was demonstrated to suppress fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition via mediating macrophage autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR pathway. ConclusionRes can alleviate CS-induced PF by targeting AMPK in the autophagy signaling pathway, which sheds light on Res' therapeutic potential in treating PF.