Abstract
A negative permeability in a periodic array of pairs of thin silver strips is demonstrated experimentally for two distinct samples. The effect of the strip surface roughness on negative permeability is evaluated. The first sample, Sample A, is fabricated of thinner strips with a root mean square roughness of 7 nm, while Sample B is made of thicker strips with 3-nm roughness. The real part of permeability, mu', is -1 at a wavelength of 770 nm in Sample A and -1.7 at 725 nm in Sample B. Relative to prototypes simulated with ideal strips, larger strip roughness acts to decrease |mu| by a factor of 7.8 in Sample A versus a factor of 2.4 decrease for Sample B.
Highlights
ITO wb thick glass substrateStrength, resulting in the damping of the resonances [3]. Figure 1(c) shows a cross-section of the structure adjusted relative to the ideal structure of
Our results shown that a lower deposition rate provides lower roughness
Using the experimentally-matched losses in silver, we demonstrate a negative magnetic response from a periodic optical material for visible light and discuss new challenges due to significantly increased losses that are observed at the resonances in actual “imperfect” thin silver strips
Summary
Strength, resulting in the damping of the resonances [3]. Figure 1(c) shows a cross-section of the structure adjusted relative to the ideal structure of. The geometry of the periodic thin silver strips was defined by use of an electron beam writer on a glass substrate initially coated with a 15-nm film of indium-tin-oxide (ITO). A lift-off process was performed to obtain the desired silver strips. Note that the deposition rate cannot be set lower than 2 Å/s using a typical deposition procedure, since the deposition of silver heats of the resist material and makes the lift-off process impossible. To cool down the resist, we performed an original 4-step deposition process with 10-minute pauses between each deposition step. This new procedure allows the permittivity ( ') permeability ( ')
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