Abstract
BackgroundMesenchymal stromal cell conditioned medium (MSC-CM) contains a cocktail of bioactive factors that act synergistically to induce therapeutic effects. This has been clearly demonstrated by in vivo applications of MSC-CM, but the establishment of controlled delivery systems is an unmet requirement for clinical translation.MethodsWe developed a nanocomposite-hydrogel (NP-H) comprised of poly-L-lactide nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in gelatin/hyaluronic acid (Gel/HA) hydrogel as a delivery vehicle for MSC-CM. First, we optimized the culture conditions for bone marrow-derived MSCs using serum-containing medium (SCM) and serum-free medium (SFM) and characterized the corresponding CM (serum-containing conditioned medium (ScCM) and serum-free conditioned medium (SfCM), respectively) for its potency and xeno markers. Then we prepared a composite matrix followed by physiochemical characterization and functional assays were performed.ResultsNanocomposite hydrogel displayed an even distribution of NPs along with high porosity (> 60%) and swelling ratios > 1500%, while its protein release pattern corresponded to a mix of degradation and diffusion kinetics. Functional evaluation of the composites was determined using MSCs and human fibroblasts (HFFs). The cells seeded directly onto the composites displayed increasing metabolic activities over time, with ScCM-NP-H groups having maximum activity. The cells treated in vitro with 5% and 10% extracts of ScCM-NP-H and SfCM-NP-H exhibited a dose- and duration-dependent response. Cell activities reduced considerably for all groups, except 10% ScCM-NP-H, which displayed a significant increase over time.ConclusionWe observed that sustained release of MSC-CM is required to prevent dose-dependent cytotoxicity. The proposed nanocomposite hydrogel for MSC-CM delivery can open up a new array for its clinical application.
Highlights
Mesenchymal stromal cell conditioned medium (MSC-CM) contains a cocktail of bioactive factors that act synergistically to induce therapeutic effects
The bovine serum albumin (BSA) immunoassay kit was purchased from R and D systems, USA, and Poly (DL-lactide) (PLA) acid terminated with inherent viscosity 0.16–0.25 dL/g was from Durect Corporation, USA
The percentage viability of cells cultured in serum-containing medium (SCM) and serum-free medium (SFM) was above 80% and there was no significant difference observed between the groups (Fig. 1c)
Summary
Mesenchymal stromal cell conditioned medium (MSC-CM) contains a cocktail of bioactive factors that act synergistically to induce therapeutic effects. This has been clearly demonstrated by in vivo applications of MSCCM, but the establishment of controlled delivery systems is an unmet requirement for clinical translation. Shoma Suresh et al Stem Cell Research & Therapy (2020) 11:205 growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, hormones, and extracellular vesicles [7, 8] These complex set of molecules are collectively termed as the MSC “secretome” and the culture medium into which they are secreted is referred to as the “MSC conditioned medium” (MSC-CM). The secretome can directly mediate cell to cell communication or induce neighboring cells to secrete bioactive factors [12]
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