A multi-objective programming model for assessment the GHG emissions in MSW management

Technological advancements, environmental regulations, and emphasis on resource conservation and recovery have greatly reduced the environmental impacts of municipal solid waste (MSW) management, including emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). This study was conducted using a life-cycle methodology to track changes in GHG emissions during the past 25 years from the management of MSW in the United States. For the baseline year of 1974, MSW management consisted of limited recycling, combustion without energy recovery, and landfilling without gas collection or control. This was compared with data for 1980, 1990, and 1997, accounting for changes in MSW quantity, composition, management practices, and technology. Over time, the United States has moved toward increased recycling, composting, combustion (with energy recovery) and landfilling with gas recovery, control, and utilization. These changes were accounted for with historical data on MSW composition, quantities, management practices, and technological changes. Included in the analysis were the benefits of materials recycling and energy recovery to the extent that these displace virgin raw materials and fossil fuel electricity production, respectively. Carbon sinks associated with MSW management also were addressed. The results indicate that the MSW management actions taken by U.S. communities have significantly reduced potential GHG emissions despite an almost 2-fold increase in waste generation. GHG emissions from MSW management were estimated to be 36 million metric tons carbon equivalents (MMTCE) in 1974 and 8 MMTCE in 1997. If MSW were being managed today as it was in 1974, GHG emissions would be ~60 MMTCE.

Purpose Due to the increasing population and prosperity, the generation rate of municipal solid waste (MSW) has increased significantly, resulting in serious problems on public health and the environment. Every single person in the world is affected by the municipal solid waste management (MSWM) issue. MSWM is reaching a critical level in almost all areas of the world and seeking the development of MSW strategies for a sustainable environment. This paper aims to present the existing global status of MSW generation, composition, management and related problems. Design/methodology/approach A total of 59 developed and developing countries have been grouped based on their gross national income to compare the status of various MSWM technologies among them. A total of 19 selection criteria have been discussed to select appropriate MSWM technology(s) for a city/town, which affects their applicability, operational suitability and performance. All risks and challenges arising during the life cycle of the waste to energy (WtE) project have also been discussed. This paper also gives a comparative overview of different globally accepted MSWM technologies and the present market growth of all WtE technologies. Findings It was found that most developed countries have effectively implemented the solid waste management (SWM) hierarchy and are now focusing heavily on reducing, reusing and recycling of MSW. On the other hand, SWM has become very serious in low-income and low-middle-income countries because most of the MSW openly dumps and most countries are dependent on inadequate waste infrastructure and the informal sector. There are also some other major challenges related to effective waste policies, availability of funds, appropriate technology selection and adequacy of trained people. This study clears the picture of MSW generation, composition, management strategies and policies at the worldwide context. This manuscript could be valuable for all nations around the world where effective MSWM has not yet been implemented. Originality/value This study clears the picture of solid waste generation, composition, management strategies and policies at the worldwide context. This manuscript could be valuable for all nations around the world where effective MSWM has not yet been implemented. In this study, no data was generated. All supporting data were obtained from previously published papers in journals, the outcomes of the international conferences and published reports by government organizations.

Life cycle assessment of municipal solid waste management with regard to greenhouse gas emissions: Case study of Tianjin, China

Optimization of environmental management strategies through a dynamic stochastic possibilistic multiobjective program

Regionalization of Municipal Solid Waste Management in Japan: Balancing the Proximity Principle with Economic Efficiency

Integrated Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management is a tedious task requiring the simultaneous fulfilment of technical, economical and social constraints. It combines a range of collection and treatment methods to handle all materials in the waste stream in an environmentally effective, economically affordable and socially acceptable way (McDougall, 2001). Due to the complexity of the issues required for effective integrated MSW management, various computer-aided approaches that help the decision makers reach their final decision have been engaged since the early days of integrated MSW management. Any computer-based system supporting decision making is defined as a DSS (Finlay, 1989). DSS incorporate computer-based models of real life biophysical and economic systems. There are two main categories of DSS applied to solid waste management: the first one, based on applied mathematics, emphasises application of statistical, optimisation or simulation modelling. The second category of DSS provides specific problem-solving expertise stored as facts, rules and procedures. In addition, there are also hybrid approaches. Recently, there has been a major shift towards Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) computer-aided tools. LCA is a holistic approach that is increasingly utilised for solid waste management especially in the decision-making process and in strategy-planning. LCA can be categorised as a hybrid approach since it utilises equations for inventory analysis and recycling loops on the one hand, while on the other it requires expertise input for impact assessment and characterisation. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a holistic approach that quantifies all environmental burdens and therefore all environmental impacts throughout the life cycle of products or processes (Rebitzer et al. 2004). LCA is not an exact scientific tool, but a science-based assessment methodology for the impacts of a product or system on the environment (Winkler & Bilitewski 2007). It is increasingly utilised for solid waste management systems especially in the decision-making process and in strategy-planning. LCA has been utilised for sustainable MSW management since 1995 (Guereca et al. 2006). LCA is an ideal tool for application in MSW management because geographic locations, characteristics of waste, energy sources, availability of some disposal options and size of markets for products derived from waste management differ widely (White et al., 1997; Mendes et al., 2004). LCA can help reduce local pressures and waste management costs, while considering the broader effects and trade-offs felt elsewhere across society (Koneczny and Pennington, 2007). The LCA procedure has been standardized in 1998 and revised in 2006 (ISO 14040, 2006). Based on this standard, LCA consists of the following four sections:

Evaluation of the municipal solid waste (MSW) management system seems necessary to promote urban services. The present study is aimed to identify and prioritize the problems and deficiencies of MSW management in Iran. This study has used a mixed-methods (Scoping review and Delphi technique) approach to achieve its goals. The results obtained by the scoping review showed that the average rate of Iran’s MSW generation in the last decade (2009–2019) was 0.745 kg/capita/day. The average of MSW composition was estimated to include: organic material (68.42%), paper and cardboard (7.31%), plastic (9.80%), pet (0.99%), metal (1.59%), rubber (1.09%), textile (3.02%), glass (2.33%), wood (0.97%), and others (4.48%). Also a scoping review of the current status of Iran’s MSW management showed that at present, Iran’s MSW management has both some strengths (such as collecting more than 90% of the total generated MSW) and lot of weaknesses such as lack of a systematic program for MSW reduction, weakness in source separation, low processing and recycling, unsanitary disposal of MSW, etc. According to the results of the Delphi technique, Iran’s main MSW management problems are: disregarding the investment for culturalization in the field of SWM and low effectiveness of the existing educational methods, disregarding the principles of integrated solid waste management hierarchy, imbalance in cost-efficiency in MSW systems, the existence of major deficits and weaknesses in recruitment and selection of staffs and the existence of additional non-expert human resources, lack of incongruity between the non-standard solid waste disposal crimes and their penalties, lack of executive guarantees for the proper implementation of the existing regulations, poor performance of the responsible organizations in the field of public education, as well as lack of effective cooperation among the responsible bodies in this field. Overall, consideration and elimination of priority problems and reinforcement the strengths of Iran’s MSW management system can be effective in improving the performance of this system.

Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management in Nigeria is a sorely underperforming sector in Nigeria. This underperformance has long been attributed to the neglect from its Federal and State Governments. However, critical assessment shows the need to adopt a systems approach and integrate data science technologies in identifying challenges and proposing solutions to Nigeria’s waste management sector. The study adopts a narrative review design, following the lacking research and waste quantitative data in assessing MSW management in Nigeria. It examines systems theory engineering models and assessment tools in the context of waste management, and adopts a case-study examination of Lagos State waste management processes and stakeholders. The study’s findings show that Nigeria is still significantly dependent on open dumping systems and incineration systems. Its waste recycling sector is inefficient and incapable of mitigating current waste pressures. This is evident in Lagos, as the state’s plastic recycling ranges between 3-6% of all plastic waste generated. The informal waste collectors (IWC) hold significant influence and these entities have continuously resisted formalisation from the Federal and State governments. Examining the 2020 waste management policy reveals some ambiguity in the responsibilities of the various stakeholders in the policy and institutional framework. The study proposes key strategies towards mitigating the lack of waste management enforcement mechanisms, absence of waste-to-wealth strategies, poor funding, and limited public awareness on recycling. This study’s value is in its systems approach to combatting Nigeria’s MSW pressure. This approach is underscored by the inclusion and astute application of data science technologies and stakeholder engagement across both public and private sectors. The study seeks to provide a foundation for more empirical research following the data gap and lack of academic research on Nigeria’s MSW management, in the hopes that it will catalyse sustainable MSW management solutions.

Municipal solid waste (MSW) management has become a major concern for developing countries. The physical and chemical aspects of MSW management and infrastructure need to be analyzed critically to solve the existing socio-economic problem. Currently, MSW production is 2.01 billion tonnes/yr. In developing countries, improper management of MSW poses serious environmental and public health risks. Depending on the socio-economic framework of a country, several MSW management procedures have been established, including landfilling, thermal treatment, and chemical treatment. Most of the MSW produced in underdeveloped and developing countries such as Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan is dumped into open landfills, severely affecting the environment. Waste-to-Energy (WTE) projects based on thermal treatments, e.g., incineration, pyrolysis, and gasification, can be feasible alternatives to conventional technologies. This research has explored a comprehensive method to evaluate MSW characteristics and management strategies from a global and Bangladesh perspective. The benefits, challenges, economic analysis, and comparison of MSW-based WTE projects have been analyzed concisely. Implementing the WTE project in developing countries can reduce unsupervised landfill and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Alternative solutions and innovations have been discussed to overcome the high capital costs and infrastructural deficiencies. By 2050, Bangladesh can establish a total revenue (electricity sales and carbon credit revenue) of USD 751 million per year in Dhaka and Chittagong only. The landfill gas (LFG) recovery, waste recycling. and pyrolysis for energy production, syngas generation, and metal recovery are possible future directions of MSW management. The MSW management scenario in developing countries can be upgraded by improving waste treatment policies and working with government, academicians, and environmentalists together.

Background: Inadequate and improper municipal solid waste (MSW) management is one of the significant reasons behind the environmental deterioration in Bangladesh. The projected daily waste generation for 2025 in Dhaka City is 47,665 tons, half of which remains uncollected despite door-to-door community-based waste collection. There are few studies on MSW management in Bangladesh, most focusing on household-level waste management, measurement of the amount of MSW, etc., but none applied a political economy lens to examine the policy issues related to MSW management. This study aimed to explore the context, actors, and processes regarding MSW management of policies in Dhaka City, Bangladesh, applying the policy-triangle-framework. Methods: This study adopted an exploratory qualitative approach, and document reviews and key informant interviews were conducted from September 2016 to January 2017. Results: We found that the issue of MSW slowly entered the policy documents starting with the Sixth-Five Year Plan (2011-2015), with some earlier sporadic policy initiatives. Due to its being a relatively new concept, stakeholders still lack the expertise to tackle the issue leading to donor dependence. MSW management demands multi-stakeholder involvement, which, in turn, depends on multi-ministerial and -departmental coordination, which is chronically deficient. MSW policies, like most other social policies, demand citizen involvement, without which both policy formulation processes and their proper implementation are compromised. Conclusion: In order to overcome these policy challenges, the technical and financial capacity of the stakeholders for MSW management should be enhanced, high-level multi-ministerial coordination needs to be strengthened, and citizen empowerment and engagement must be ensured at every step of the MSW policy cycle.

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 生命周期评价方法在城市生活垃圾管理中的应用研究述评 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201611102280 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（41201583）；辽宁省高等学校优秀人才支持计划（LJQ2013069） Review of life cycle assessment studies on municipal solid waste management Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:结合城市生活垃圾管理系统特征，系统归纳基于生命周期评价（Life cycle assessment，LCA）方法的城市生活垃圾管理模型的发展现状，并对LCA方法在城市生活垃圾管理中的实践以及在我国开展城市生活垃圾管理LCA研究的应用前景进行评述。分析表明，LCA是城市生活垃圾管理领域的重要工具之一，基于LCA方法的城市生活垃圾管理模型在全生命周期环境影响评价与识别、处置工艺选择与改进、可持续生活垃圾管理决策支持等方面具有十分重要的应用价值。中国在本地化生活垃圾管理系统LCA模型开发、清单数据库和评价指标体系构建以及与其他研究方法集成等方面面临挑战。 Abstract:Considering the characteristics of municipal solid waste (MSW) management systems, this study conducted a thorough overview of life cycle assessment (LCA)-based models that can be used to support policy decisions on MSW management. A number of MSW management practices using LCA-based models were reviewed at different levels. The application foreground of LCA-based models in China's MSW management was also discussed. This study assessed the applications of LCA-based models in MSW management. We found that LCA is one of those important systematic tools that can be used to support MSW management. LCA models are important to the assessment and identification of life cycle environmental impacts of MSW treatment technologies, the choices and improvements of those technologies, and the policy decisions for MSW management. China is facing great challenges in LCA studies on MSW management, including the development of China-specific MSW management models, the construction of China-specific life cycle inventory databases and life cycle environmental impact indicator systems for MSW, and the integration of interdisciplinary methods. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

The COVID-19 pandemicdisrupted the municipal essential services,including municipal solid waste (MSW) management. This study has reviewedthe literature on MSW and solid medical waste (SMW) management systems,waste management initiatives specific to this pandemic, as well astheir impacts now and beyond. Waste segregation and separate treatmentof waste streams play important roles in reducing the environmental,health, and social impacts of waste and waste management. The globalwarming potential of MSW and SMW were found to be varied from −0.64to 520 kg CO2 equiv/tonne and −52.1 to 3730 kg CO2 equiv/tonne, respectively, which widely depend on the sterilizationand disposal processes. Similarly, MSW and SMW disposal costs variedfrom 90 to $242/tonne and 12 to $1530.0/tonne, respectively. Variouschanges made to waste collection and management because of the COVID-19pandemic affected waste segregation and recycling. Since the startof the pandemic, various sectors, including the food, waste management,and healthcare sectors, relied on the increased use of single-useplastics to prevent transmission of COVID-19. An environmentally friendlyalternative (biodegradable/compostable) to widely used single-useplastics is desired for easing waste management problems. Althoughvarious initiatives are underway to manage growing volumes of MSWand SMW, while controlling the spreading of infectious diseases, themovable grate incineration technology coupled with an adequate disinfectionprocess presents a potential solution in managing the COVID-19 wastechallenges. The proper disinfection method and technological choicescan mitigate the risk of spreading infections and can improve thewaste management system’s sustainability, especially the contaminatedwaste.

Qingdao is an important economic center in eastern coastal China. With the rapid urbanization process, problems of municipal solid waste (MSW) management have become a new concern for the government. In Qingdao, MSW collection and transportation (MSW-CT) amounts increased from 0.81 × 106 t/a in 1999 to 1.85 × 106 t/a in 2015. The per capita MSW production was nearly 1.1 kg/(capita·d), higher than the Chinese average value of 0.70 kg/(capita·d). The MSW management system of Qingdao was dominated by the “Municipal Public Bureau of Qingdao.” Due to the continuous reform of the sanitation management system, an operation mechanism of separation for government and enterprise, unified management, orderly competition and a three-level management system of “City – District – Street” were established. MSW-CT mode was mainly based on the combination of “multi-way collection in early, transfer station compression in late” and “compression car direct transport.” MSW treatment was mainly located at the “XiaoJianXi Solid Waste Comprehensive Disposal plant of Qingdao,” including sanitary landfill, incineration, composting, and recycling. Qingdao was one of the earliest pilot cities of MSW source separation in China. Although some relevant achievements were achieved, many problems were also found. In the future, MSW source separation will be regarded as a key concern for government departments in Qingdao. MSW management of Qingdao had always been leading position in the Shandong Province. However, some problems cannot be ignored, such as multi-head management, inadequate market competition, and inconsistent power between supervision and law enforcement. In the future, Qingdao’s MSW management will be improved through structural reform, financial investment, and an increase in market competition and public environmental awareness. A “Qingdao model” in Chinese MSW management will be gradually established.

Determinants of municipal solid and hazardous waste management in the occupied Palestinian territory: a cross-sectional study

PurposeWith rapid industrialization and urbanization, municipal solid waste (MSW) management has become a serious challenge worldwide, especially in developing countries. The Beijing Municipality is a representative example of many local governments in China that are facing MSW management issues. Although there have been studies in the area of MSW management in the literature, less attention has been devoted to developing a structured framework that identifies and interprets the barriers to MSW management in megacities, especially in Beijing. Therefore, this study focuses on identifying a comprehensive list of barriers affecting the successful implementation of MSW management in Beijing.Design/methodology/approachThrough an extensive review of related literature, 12 barriers are identified and classified into five categories: government, waste, knowledge dissemination, MSW management process and market. Using an integrated approach including the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL), maximum mean de-entropy algorithm (MMDE) and interpretive structural modeling (ISM), a conceptual structural model of MSW implementation barriers is constructed to provide insights for industrial decision-makers and policymakers.FindingsThe results show that a lack of economic support from the government, imperfect MSW-related laws and regulations, the low education of residents and the lack of publicity of waste recycling knowledge are the main barriers to MSW management in Beijing. Combined with expert opinions, the paper provides suggestions and guidance to municipal authorities and industry practitioners to guide the successful implementation of MSW management.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study can provide a reference for MSW management in other metropolises in China and other developing countries.Originality/valueThis study proposes a hybrid DEMATEL-MMDE-ISM approach to resolve the subjectivity issues of the traditional ISM approach and it analyzes the barriers that hinder MSW management practices in Beijing.