Abstract
Pile driving in shallow water during the construction of bridges and other structures can produce transient broadband noise of sufficient intensity to kill fish and disturb marine mammals. Sustained tonal noise radiated by towers supporting offshore wind turbines contains energy in frequency bands that may inhibit detection of coastal activities via passive sonar and seismic sensors. Understanding the generation and propagation of underwater noise due to pile driving and wind farms is important for determining the best strategies for mitigating the environmental impact of these noise sources. An analytic model, based on a Green's function approach, is presented for the sound radiated in the water column by a submerged cylindrical structure embedded in horizontally stratified layers of sediment. The sediment layers are modeled as viscoelastic media and the Green's function is derived via angular spectrum decomposition. Noise radiation due to both vibration of the structure and impulses delivered to the sediment is considered. Contributions to the pressure field in the water column due to radiation directly into the water, radiation from the sediment into the water, and Scholte waves propagating along the sediment-water interface will be discussed. [Work supported by the ARL:UT IR&D program.]
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