Abstract
This study evaluates the capacity of a bread enriched with fermentable dietary fibres to modulate the metabolism and nutrients handling between tissues, gut and peripheral, in a context of overfeeding. Net fluxes of glucose, lactate, urea, short chain fatty acids (SCFA), and amino acids were recorded in control and overfed female mini-pigs supplemented or not with fibre-enriched bread. SCFA in fecal water and gene expressions, but not protein levels or metabolic fluxes, were measured in muscle, adipose tissue, and intestine. Fibre supplementation increased the potential for fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial activity in muscle (acox, ucp2, sdha and cpt1-m, p < 0.05) as well as main regulatory transcription factors of metabolic activity such as pparα, pgc-1α and nrf2. All these features were associated with a reduced muscle fibre cross sectional area, resembling to controls (i.e., lean phenotype). SCFA may be direct inducers of these cross-talk alterations, as their feces content (+52%, p = 0.05) was increased in fibre-supplemented mini-pigs. The SCFA effects could be mediated at the gut level by an increased production of incretins (increased gcg mRNA, p < 0.05) and an up-regulation of SCFA receptors (increased gpr41 mRNA, p < 0.01). Hence, consumption of supplemented bread with fermentable fibres can be an appropriate strategy to activate muscle energy catabolism and limit the establishment of an obese phenotype.
Highlights
In order to face the rapid increase of obesity and related diseases both in Europe and the US [1,2], the development of safe and efficient strategies capable of limiting weight gain and improving health status are in high demand
We reported in our previous work a significant body weight gain, alterations of metabolic parameters such as fasted plasma insulin (+88%), HOMA-IR (+102%), cholesterol (+45%)
Lactate (+63%) at D56 compared to D1 and increased lipids accumulation in the liver following overfeeding relative to control animals fed at a maintenance level
Summary
In order to face the rapid increase of obesity and related diseases both in Europe and the US [1,2], the development of safe and efficient strategies capable of limiting weight gain and improving health status are in high demand. The supplementation of dietary fibres in high fat/high sucrose or in over-fed rats has been proven to limit the deleterious diet-induced effects on body weight gain, insulin resistance, and microbiota composition, as well as gut and hepatic metabolism [9,10,11]. Such a similar effect has been shown in a pig model that is closer to humans in terms of nutritional habits, microbiota composition and digestive physiology/metabolism [12].
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