Abstract
This mini-review is aimed at briefly summarizing the present status of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and predicting where the technique should go in the next decade. This mini-review quotes 33 articles on the different fNIRS basics and technical developments and 44 reviews on the fNIRS applications published in the last eight years. The huge number of review articles about a wide spectrum of topics in the field of cognitive and social sciences, functional neuroimaging research, and medicine testifies to the maturity achieved by this non-invasive optical vascular-based functional neuroimaging technique. Today, fNIRS has started to be utilized on healthy subjects while moving freely in different naturalistic settings. Further instrumental developments are expected to be done in the near future to fully satisfy this latter important aspect. In addition, fNIRS procedures, including correction methods for the strong extracranial interferences, need to be standardized before using fNIRS as a clinical tool in individual patients. New research avenues such as interactive neurosciences, cortical activation modulated by different type of sport performance, and cortical activation during neurofeedback training are highlighted.
Highlights
Biophotonics is a bridging discipline located at a critical juncture between fundamental advances in science/technology and biomedicine
The results reported in that article were obtained by near-infrared (NIR)
In order to provide the readers with an update on the functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) applications, in Table 2, 44 recent review articles covering different applications are listed; the field of psychology/education is covered by 10 reviews, functional neuroimaging basic research by 13 reviews, and medicine by
Summary
Biophotonics is a bridging discipline located at a critical juncture between fundamental advances in science/technology and biomedicine. Subjects is small compared to thepathlength total pathlength of the total pathlength at a 3 cm separation) It isItimportant to obtain the sensitivity of the NIRS signal to the absorption change in the volume is important to obtain the sensitivity of the NIRS signal to the absorption change inofthe sampled tissue, in particular cortical grey with a particular source–detector pair. Signals are more sensitive to theory, several previous studies demonstrated that functional near-infrared spectroscopy thesignals surfaceare areas immediately under the optodes, i.e., the scalp, for review [5] This limitation is less more sensitive to the surface areas immediately under the optodes, i.e., the scalp, for significant in young children, since, with thinner skull, the partial pathlength in the brain increases. The present mini-review article is aimed at briefly summarizing the current status of fNIRS and at predicting where the technique should go in the decade
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