Abstract
The literature reports the proofs that entropy is an inherent property of any system in any state and governs thermal energy, which depends on temperature and is transferred by heat interactions. A first novelty proposed in the present study is that mechanical energy, determined by pressure and transferred by work interactions, is also characterized by the entropy property. The second novelty is that a generalized definition of entropy relating to temperature, chemical potential and pressure of many-particle systems, is established to calculate the thermal, chemical and mechanical entropy contribution due to heat, mass and work interactions. The expression of generalized entropy is derived from generalized exergy, which in turn depends on temperature, chemical potential and pressure of the system, and by the entropy-exergy relationship constituting the basis of the method adopted to analyze the available energy and its transfer interactions with a reference system which may be external or constitute a subsystem. This method is underpinned by the Second Law statement enunciated in terms of existence and uniqueness of stable equilibrium for each value of energy content of the system. The equality of chemical potential and equality of pressure are assumed, in addition to equality of temperature, to be necessary conditions for stable equilibrium.
Highlights
Thermodynamics conceptual framework has been developed, providing the proofs that entropy is an inherent property of any system in any state, characterizing thermal energy which depends on temperature and is transferred by heat interactions
The aim is here to generalize the definition of exergy property, and the definition of thermodynamic entropy, considering the equality of chemical potential R and the equality of pressure P PR, as conditions of chemical stable equilibrium and mechanical stable equilibrium respectively, in addition to the thermal stable equilibrium, which imply a definition of generalized entropy suitable to characterize mass, heat and work interactions
It highlights the fact that pressure takes on the function of determining the useful heat interaction converted from available mechanical energy as temperature does with respect to useful work converted from available thermal energy
Summary
Thermodynamics conceptual framework has been developed, providing the proofs that entropy is an inherent property of any system in any state, characterizing thermal energy which depends on temperature and is transferred by heat interactions. Necessary conditions of equal temperature, equal chemical potential and equal pressure are the consequence of stable equilibrium within the composite system-reservoir AR [1]. The aim is here to generalize the definition of exergy property, and the definition of thermodynamic entropy, considering the equality of chemical potential R and the equality of pressure P PR , as conditions of chemical stable equilibrium and mechanical stable equilibrium respectively, in addition to the thermal stable equilibrium, which imply a definition of generalized entropy suitable to characterize mass, heat and work interactions
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