A method for eliminating velocity effects in railway dynamic measurement datasets

This study explores the characteristics of high-speed rail (HSR) and air transportation networks in China based on the weighted complex network approach. Previous related studies have largely implemented unweighted (binary) network analysis, or have constructed a weighted network, limited by unweighted centrality measures. This study applies weighted centrality measures (mean association [MA], triangle betweenness centrality [TBC], and weighted harmonic centrality [WHC]) to represent traffic dynamics in HSR and air transportation weighted networks, where nodes represent cities and links represent passenger traffic. The spatial distribution of centrality results is visualized by using ArcGIS 10.2. Moreover, we analyze the network robustness of HSR, air transportation, and multimodal networks by measuring weighted efficiency (WE) subjected to the highest weighted centrality node attacks. In the HSR network, centrality results show that cities with a higher MA are concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta; cities with a higher TBC are mostly provincial capitals or regional centers; and cities with a higher WHC are grouped in eastern and central regions. Furthermore, spatial differentiation of centrality results is found between HSR and air transportation networks. There is a little bit of difference in eastern cities; cities in the central region have complementary roles in HSR and air transportation networks, but air transport is still dominant in western cities. The robustness analysis results show that the multimodal network, which includes both airports and high-speed rail stations, has the best connectivity and shows robustness.

Evaluation and optimization analysis of high-speed rail network structure in Northeast China under the background of northeast revitalization

Travel time analysis in the Chinese coupled aviation and high-speed rail network

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the impact of the development of high-speed rail (HSR) network on earnings management, especially on the trade-off between the usage of accruals-based earnings management (AM) and real earnings management (RM) techniques, and consequently, examines the extent to which the HSR network–earnings management nexus is moderated by governance and religion factors.Design/methodology/approachUsing a sample of Chinese A-listed firms over an 11-year period, this study uses regression techniques as the baseline methodology while controlling for industry and year-fixed effects. The authors also use endogeneity tests (including instrumental variable method, Generalized Methods of Moments estimation and difference-in-difference) and different robustness checks.FindingsThe key findings are threefold. First, the HSR network development reduces AM. This suggests that the presence of HSR network is effective in reducing information asymmetry. Second, the use of RM technique increases with the HSR network development. This indicates that managers do not seem to engage in less earnings management with the HSR network development but instead appear to switch from the easy-to-detect AM to the more costly RM approach. Finally, the HSR network and earnings management nexus is moderated by governance and religion factors.Originality/valueThis study provides new evidence on the trade-off between AM and RM by managers and pioneers in examining the impacts of governance and religion factors on the relationship between the HSR network and the trade-off of earnings management techniques.

A robustness assessment with passenger flow data of high-speed rail network in China

According to the data about the shortest travel time of high-speed and conventional rail network from 10 cities, the domestic tourism income and the amount of domestic tourists in the middle reaches of Yangtze River area, this research will use the transportation accessibility in order to measure the spatial pattern of rail tourist transport accessibility in highspeed rail network. Based on the shortest travel time modified gravity model among 10 cities in high-speed rail network, the tourism economic linkage intensity, quantity, direction and breaking points are comprehensively estimated. And the highspeed rail's influence on the tourism linkage in the middle reach of Yangtze River area is identified. The result shows: Comparing with the existing lines, the tourist transport accessibility among cities is improved under the influence of high speed rail network, and the model presents a decreasing pattern from the central corridor to western wing and eastern wing. It shows the polarization effects of Wuhan and Changsha as the core of this region and there would be diffusion effect to some extent. The result of tourism economic linkage turns out the spatial distribution characteristics of this region. It shows that Wuhan and Changsha are the main cores and Nanchang is the vice core of this area, which constitute three major tourism economic circle.

Accessibility impacts of China’s high-speed rail network

In recent years, the number of users in High-Speed Rail (HSR) networks has been increasing dramatically, which further leads to the dramatic increment of service data carried by HSR networks. However, the extremely high mobility of high-speed train has brought great challenges to transmit service data with high quality and security. At first, the current researches on data transmission of HSR networks mainly uses the single base station model. That is, each of the mobile users is only able to communicate one base station. Although this analysis method is relatively viable and simple, it ignores the situation where multiple base stations can establish wireless communication links with users. Moreover, eavesdropping is also an important secure problem in wireless communication. However, the secrecy transmission technology has not been explicit researched in HSR networks to improve the security of network transmission. In response to these problems, this paper first abstracts a network model where multiple base stations can be used for wireless data transmission. The secrecy transmission, transmission power and data loss probability are also incorporated into the established model. Then an optimization problem is formulated. By solving the formulated problem, the Secure Data Distribution (SDD) mechanism is proposed. The performance of the SDD mechanism is evaluated by simulation experiments.

To simulate passenger train movements on the high-speed rail network, this paper proposes a new dynamic model based on the discrete time method and provides some efficient control policies correspondingly. Besides that, an improved minimum safe headway in the moving-block system on the high-speed rail network is presented. Using the proposed method, the dynamic characteristics of railway traffic flow are analyzed under random interferences on the high-speed rail network. Then, some sensitivity analyses are implemented to investigate the propagation features of delays under different interferences. The results indicate that the proposed dynamic model and control policies for the passenger train movements on the high-speed rail network are effective and can be a fundamental research for subsequent research of delay propagation, rerouting and rescheduling problems.

Both high-speed rail (HSR) and air transportation networks have important impacts on accessibility to cities. However, few attempts have been made to analyze the combined modal accessibility of HSR and air, especially in the case of China. To fill this gap, this study aims to measure accessibility under a combined HSR and air transportation network in China. Average travel time (ATT), weighted average travel time (WATT), and potential accessibility (PA) are employed as indicators of accessibility. The results show that inter-urban accessibility under the combined network shows a decreasing trend from the central to the surrounding region, with the level of combined network urban accessibility significantly higher than that of either individual network. Under the ATT, WATT, and PA indicators, the combined network outperforms the HSR network by 46.53%, 47.69%, and 49.23%, respectively, and the airline network by 15.49%, 13.17%, and 75.45%, respectively. In addition, the combined network shows a more equitable distribution of accessibility than that of the HSR network.

Graph theoretical analysis of the Chinese high-speed rail network over time

Purpose The high-speed rail network can lead to the transformation of the tourism industry, as well as the regional economy. In the present study, a reasonable method was developed to assess the contributions of high-speed rail network to the development of tourism and economy in a Chinese region known as the “1 + 8” city tourism circle. Design/methodology/approach The method proposed here combines not only tourism revenue but also regional economy in a MGM (1, n) gray model, and it studies the tourist and economic output of this tourism circle before and after the high-speed rail network’s construction using an advanced “with and without comparison” method. Findings By using this method, the accuracy of the prediction of the contribution rate of high-speed rail network is improved. We found that in the “1 + 8” city tourism circle, the high-speed rail network positively contributes to increase of the tourism arrival and tourism revenue. Furthermore, regional economy significantly grows under the impact of the high-speed rail network. Research limitations/implications The “1 + 8” city tourism circle is studied as a closed system in this paper, and the authors focus on the economic associations between the cities in the circle by ignoring the impact from outside this circle. This treatment means, simplifies and enables the feasibility of this study, but it virtually leads to the deviation of outcomes between this study and the practical. Practical implications For theoretical values, by studying a normal Chinese inland region, this study reconfirmed the positive impact of high-speed railway empirically. In the meantime, this study developed an improved method by introducing gray theory models to “with and without comparison” method to calculate the contribution of high-speed railway to the regional tourism and economy development. Such method simultaneously incorporates the indexes of regional tourism income and regional GDP simultaneously. It is direct and convenient as it can achieve accuracy requirements using only a small amount of data, and it reconciles more with reality by considering the interaction of the outcomes of tourism and economy. Social implications For practical values, using the proposed method, a direct and convenient calculation of the contributions of high-speed railway to many other regions can be achieved if the data of the outcomes of tourism and economy can be obtained. In such a way, the regions that really need high-speed railway to stimulate their development can be distinguished from regions whose high-speed railway is under blind construction. Thus, the government may take actions to reassess some uneconomic high-speed railway projects without discouraging the construction of high-speed railway in other regions. The authors believe that this is important not only for China but also for many other countries with high-speed railway projects. Originality/value This study develops a reasonable method of assessing the contribution of high-speed rail to regional tourism and economic development. Using this method, this study confirmed that high-speed rail indeed positively impacts the regional development.

A comprehensive method for the robustness assessment of high-speed rail network with operation data: A case in China

This graphic uses cartogram analysis to demonstrate how Covid-19 affects high-speed rail (HSR) and air networks in China. During the first round of the Covid-19 outbreak, intercity transportation networks significantly decreased their service. However, the supply of transport hubs was retained to ensure basic service coverage and efficiency. Conversely, air transportation was affected more than HSR networks. The average number of daily flights declined to 19% of the original traffic, while high-speed trains maintained their original 64%. This disparity is explained by the owners and operation of the two transportation networks and their different roles in intercity connections.

The small-world model provides a useful perspective and method to study the topological structure and intrinsic characteristics of high-speed rail networks (HRNs). In this paper, the P-space method is used to examine global and local HRNs in China, meanwhile the adjacency matrix is developed, then the social network analysis and visualization tool UCINET is used to calculate the spatial and attribute data of HRNs at national and local levels in China. The small-world characteristics of whole HRNs are discussed, three networks which have different properties are determined, and a comparative analysis of the small-world effect is detected. Then, the relationship between the construction of high-speed rail and regional development of China is analysed. The results show that: 1) China's HRNs have small average path length ( L ) and large clustering coefficient (C ), representing a typical small-world network; 2) Local HRNs have a certain correlation with economic development. The reasons for the difference of HRNs with respect to characteristics among regions are eventually discussed.