A meta-analysis of sensitization to the most common aeroallergens in a Middle Eastern region: an overview of the main molecular allergens

Abstract

The prevalence of sensitization to aeroallergens in communities is incomprehensible. We aimed to assess the prevalence of sensitization to common aeroallergens according to the reliable studies performed in different cities of Iran. Literature review was performed by the inclusion of data sources such as PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, ProQuest, Scopus, Iran Medex, and Magiran. All studies determining the prevalence of indoor and outdoor common aeroallergens were included in this review. STATA 14 and metaprop command were used for meta-analysis of data. Random pooled estimate (ES) (pooled prevalence), 95% confidence interval (95% CI), and p value were calculated. Forty-two reliable studies were included in this study. The random pooled estimate (ES) (pooled prevalence) of positive family history of allergy and positive specific IgE (in vivo tests and/or in vitro) to at least one allergen was 69% (95% CI 64–74%) and 74% (95% CI 66–81%), respectively. The pooled prevalence for weeds, trees, and grasses as outdoor allergens was 57% (95% CI 46–68%), 43% (95% CI 33–52%), and 41% (95% CI 32–50%), respectively. Salsola kali (S. kali) and Cynodon dactylon were the most prevalent weeds and grass allergens being found in 56% (95% CI 45–66%) and 40% (95% CI 29–52%) of sensitized patients, respectively. Meta-analysis of indoor allergens revealed that 27% (95% CI 14–43%), 38% (95% CI 21–57%), 21% (95% CI 16–26%), and 16% (95% CI 10–24%) of allergic patients were sensitized to mold, house dust mite (HDM), cockroach, and cat allergens, respectively. The results of the current meta-analysis revealed that S. kali is the most common aeroallergens in southwestern and northeastern areas as well as the capital city (Tehran) of Iran, while allergic patients living in northern and southern coastal areas of Iran were more prone to suffer from HDM sensitization.