A Low-Jitter and Fractional-Resolution Injection-Locked Clock Multiplier Using a DLL-Based Real-Time PVT Calibrator With Replica-Delay Cells

Abstract

A low-jitter and fractional-resolution injection-locked clock multiplier (ILCM) with a delay-locked-loop (DLL)-based process-voltage-temperature (PVT)-calibrator is proposed. The ring-type voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) and the voltage-controlled delay line (VCDL) of the DLL consist of identical delay cells, and they share the same control voltage. Thus, by changing the ratio between the numbers of stages of the VCDL and the VCO, the frequency of the VCO can be calibrated at any target frequencies, noninteger times the reference frequency. As the amount of the unit delay is adjusted continuously by the DLL, the VCO can overcome real-time frequency drifts as well as static process variations; thus, excellent jitter performance can be sustained during any environmental variations. The proposed ILCM, designed in the 65 nm CMOS process, generated output frequencies that range from 1.2 to 2.0 GHz with a frequency resolution of 40 MHz and a 400 MHz reference clock. When injection locked, the integrated jitter from 1 kHz to 40 MHz of the 1.6 GHz signal was 440 fs. The proposed real-time PVT calibrator restricted the degradations of phase noise and jitter over the temperature and the supply variations to less than 0.7 dB and 20%, respectively. The active area was ${0}.{032}\;\text{m}{\text{m}^{2}}$ and the power consumption was 3.6 mW.