Abstract
We introduce a low-noise fundamental-mode orthogonal fluxgate magnetometer for use in magnetotelluric surveys. The fluxgate makes use of rapidly quenched amorphous wire having vanishing value of saturation magnetostriction constant (λ ≈ 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-7</sup> ) and displaying ultrasoft magnetic behavior. The design of the fluxgate consists of multiple U-shaped sensor heads where pairs of wire pieces are inserted as core material. The novelty of this system resides in the use of a quadruple sensor head. Digital signal processing with effective electronic noise suppression allows this magnetometer to achieve a noise floor of 0.8 pT/Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/2</sup> for frequencies above 10 Hz. The possibilities of in situ application are discussed and guidelines on noise suppression strategies are given.
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